Biomaterial Database

Protein l-isoAspartyl Methyltransferase (PIMT) and antioxidants in plants. 2023

Shraboni Ghosh, and Manoj Majee

National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.

All life forms, including plants, accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a byproduct of metabolism; however, environmental stresses, including abiotic stresses and pathogen attacks, cause enhanced accumulation of ROS in plants. The increased accumulation of ROS often causes oxidative damage to cells. Organisms are able to maintain levels of ROS below permissible limits by several mechanisms, including efficient antioxidant systems. In addition to antioxidant systems, recent studies suggest that protein l-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT), a highly conserved protein repair enzyme across evolutionary diverse organisms, plays a critical role in maintaining ROS homeostasis by repairing isoaspartyl-mediated damage to antioxidants in plants. Under stress conditions, antioxidant proteins undergo spontaneous isoaspartyl (isoAsp) modification which is often detrimental to protein structure and function. This reduces the catalytic action of antioxidants and disturbs the ROS homeostasis of cells. This chapter focuses on PIMT and its interaction with antioxidants in plants, where PIMT constitutes a secondary level of protection by shielding a primary level of antioxidants from dysfunction and permitting them to guard during unfavorable situations.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D011506	Proteins	Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.	Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000975	Antioxidants	Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard oxidation reactions. They counteract the damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.	Anti-Oxidant,Antioxidant,Antioxidant Activity,Endogenous Antioxidant,Endogenous Antioxidants,Anti-Oxidant Effect,Anti-Oxidant Effects,Anti-Oxidants,Antioxidant Effect,Antioxidant Effects,Activity, Antioxidant,Anti Oxidant,Anti Oxidant Effect,Anti Oxidant Effects,Anti Oxidants,Antioxidant, Endogenous,Antioxidants, Endogenous
D017382	Reactive Oxygen Species	Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and GENE EXPRESSION, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.	Active Oxygen Species,Oxygen Radical,Oxygen Radicals,Pro-Oxidant,Reactive Oxygen Intermediates,Active Oxygen,Oxygen Species, Reactive,Pro-Oxidants,Oxygen, Active,Pro Oxidant,Pro Oxidants,Radical, Oxygen
D018384	Oxidative Stress	A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).	Anti-oxidative Stress,Antioxidative Stress,DNA Oxidative Damage,Nitro-Oxidative Stress,Oxidative Cleavage,Oxidative DNA Damage,Oxidative Damage,Oxidative Injury,Oxidative Nitrative Stress,Oxidative Stress Injury,Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress,Stress, Oxidative,Anti oxidative Stress,Anti-oxidative Stresses,Antioxidative Stresses,Cleavage, Oxidative,DNA Damage, Oxidative,DNA Oxidative Damages,Damage, DNA Oxidative,Damage, Oxidative,Damage, Oxidative DNA,Injury, Oxidative,Injury, Oxidative Stress,Nitrative Stress, Oxidative,Nitro Oxidative Stress,Nitro-Oxidative Stresses,Oxidative Cleavages,Oxidative DNA Damages,Oxidative Damage, DNA,Oxidative Damages,Oxidative Injuries,Oxidative Nitrative Stresses,Oxidative Stress Injuries,Oxidative Stresses,Stress Injury, Oxidative,Stress, Anti-oxidative,Stress, Antioxidative,Stress, Nitro-Oxidative,Stress, Oxidative Nitrative,Stresses, Nitro-Oxidative
D026601	Protein D-Aspartate-L-Isoaspartate Methyltransferase	A PROTEIN O-METHYLTRANSFERASE that recognizes and catalyzes the methyl esterification of ISOASPARTIC ACID and D-ASPARTIC ACID residues in peptides and proteins. It initiates the repair of proteins damaged by the spontaneous decomposition of normal L-aspartic acid and L-asparagine residues.	Protein-D-Aspartate Methyltransferase,Protein-L-Isoaspartate-D-Aspartate-O-Methyltransferase,D-Aspartyl-L-Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase,Isoaspartyl-Aspartyl Protein Methyltransferase,L-Isoaspartyl Protein Carboxymethyltransferase,Methyltransferase PIMT,PCMT1 Gene Product,Protein L-Isoaspartate O-Methyltransferase,Protein L-Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase,Protein-D-Asp Methyltransferase,Protein-L-Isoaspartate Methyltransferase,Protein-beta-Aspartate Methyltransferase,pcm Gene Product,Carboxymethyltransferase, L-Isoaspartyl Protein,D Aspartyl L Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase,Gene Product, PCMT1,Gene Product, pcm,Isoaspartyl Aspartyl Protein Methyltransferase,L Isoaspartyl Protein Carboxymethyltransferase,L-Isoaspartate O-Methyltransferase, Protein,L-Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase, Protein,Methyltransferase, D-Aspartyl-L-Isoaspartyl,Methyltransferase, Isoaspartyl-Aspartyl Protein,Methyltransferase, Protein D-Aspartate-L-Isoaspartate,Methyltransferase, Protein L-Isoaspartyl,Methyltransferase, Protein-D-Asp,Methyltransferase, Protein-D-Aspartate,Methyltransferase, Protein-L-Isoaspartate,Methyltransferase, Protein-beta-Aspartate,O-Methyltransferase, Protein L-Isoaspartate,PIMT, Methyltransferase,Protein Carboxymethyltransferase, L-Isoaspartyl,Protein D Asp Methyltransferase,Protein D Aspartate L Isoaspartate Methyltransferase,Protein D Aspartate Methyltransferase,Protein L Isoaspartate D Aspartate O Methyltransferase,Protein L Isoaspartate Methyltransferase,Protein L Isoaspartate O Methyltransferase,Protein L Isoaspartyl Methyltransferase,Protein Methyltransferase, Isoaspartyl-Aspartyl,Protein beta Aspartate Methyltransferase