The extent of bacterial transfer into the clean confines of the operating room (OR) was studied by comparing the use of protective footwear (i.e., polypropylene shoe covers and OR restricted shoes) with unprotected street shoes over a 5-week period. The study was divided into two experimental times: (a) early morning (disinfected floor) and (b) midmorning (dirty floor). Data obtained from the early morning experiment showed that OR restricted shoes and shoe covers transferred fewer bacteria onto the disinfected study area than unprotected street shoes; similar findings were obtained from the midmorning experiment for shoe covers, but not for OR restricted shoes. A comparison of changes in bacterial counts obtained from OR restricted shoes and shoe covers worn from the changing room through a common corridor to the disinfected study area did not differ significantly from OR restricted shoes and shoe covers that were put on immediately before walking through the study area at both experimental times. Overall results indicated that protective footwear may act to reduce bacterial contamination on OR floors.