Smoking Is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Pancreatitis. 2023

Anabel Liyen Cartelle, and Rachel L Bocchino, and Ishani Shah, and William Yakah, and Awais Ahmed, and Steven D Freedman, and Darshan J Kothari, and Sunil G Sheth
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Tobacco smoking is a known risk factor for progression of chronic pancreatitis (CP). We compare clinical outcomes of CP patients with current or former smoking with those who have never smoked. We reviewed all patients with followed at our Pancreas Center from 2016 to 2021, comparing the demographics, clinical features, comorbidities, outcomes, and resource utilization between smokers and non-smokers. Of 439 CP patients, 283 were smokers (125 current, 158 former). Significantly more smokers were men (58.3% vs 40.4%), with alcoholic CP (45.5% vs 12.1%), chronic abdominal pain (77.7% vs 65.4%), anxiety and depression (22.6% vs 14.1% and 38.9% vs 23.1%), and with more local pancreatic complications [splanchnic vein thrombosis (15.7% vs 5.13%), pseudocyst (42.7% vs 23.7%), biliary obstruction (20.5% vs 5.88%)], exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (65.8% vs 46.2%), hospitalizations (2.59 vs 1.75 visits), and emergency department visits (8.96% vs 3.25%). Opioid and neuromodulator use were significantly higher (59.2% vs 30.3% and 58.4% vs 31.2%). Current smokers had worse outcomes than former smokers. Multivariate analysis controlling for multiple factors identified smoking as an independent predictor of chronic abdominal pain (OR 2.49, CI 1.23-5.04, p = 0.011), opioid (OR 2.36, CI 1.35-4.12, p = 0.002), neuromodulators (OR 2.55, CI 1.46-4.46, p = 0.001), and non-opioid-controlled medications (OR 2.28, CI 1.22-4.30, p = 0.01) use, as well as splanchnic vein thromboses (OR 2.65, CI 1.02-6.91, p = 0.045) and biliary obstruction (OR 4.12, CI 1.60-10.61, p = 0.003). CP patients who smoke or formerly smoked have greater morbidity and worse outcomes than non-smokers.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D010179 Pancreas A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.
D010188 Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS. Pancreatic Insufficiency,Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiencies,Insufficiencies, Exocrine Pancreatic,Insufficiencies, Pancreatic,Insufficiency, Exocrine Pancreatic,Insufficiency, Pancreatic,Pancreatic Insufficiencies,Pancreatic Insufficiencies, Exocrine,Pancreatic Insufficiency, Exocrine
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012307 Risk Factors An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent. Health Correlates,Risk Factor Scores,Risk Scores,Social Risk Factors,Population at Risk,Populations at Risk,Correlates, Health,Factor, Risk,Factor, Social Risk,Factors, Social Risk,Risk Factor,Risk Factor Score,Risk Factor, Social,Risk Factors, Social,Risk Score,Score, Risk,Score, Risk Factor,Social Risk Factor
D012907 Smoking Willful or deliberate act of inhaling and exhaling SMOKE from burning substances or agents held by hand. Smoking Behaviors,Smoking Habit,Behavior, Smoking,Behaviors, Smoking,Habit, Smoking,Habits, Smoking,Smoking Behavior,Smoking Habits
D015746 Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region. Colicky Pain,Abdominal Pains,Colicky Pains,Pain, Abdominal,Pain, Colicky,Pains, Abdominal,Pains, Colicky
D050500 Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse. Chronic Pancreatitis

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