Ten lignans were isolated from the ethanol extract of stems and branches of Rhododendron ovatum through column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and MCI-gel resin and semi-preparative RP-HPLC. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis(UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, ECD and NMR) as(-)-4-epi-lyoniresinol-9'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(1),(+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(2),(+)-5'-methoxyisolariciresinol-9'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(3),(-)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),(+)-lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),(-)-4-epi-lyoniresinol-9'-O-β-D-glucopyransoide(6), racemiside(7), neociwujiaphenol(8),(+)-syringaresinol(9), and homohesperitin(10). Among them, compound 1 was a new aryltetralin-type lignan. All the isolated lignans were tested for antioxidant activities in Fe~(2+)-cysteine induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation in vitro, and compounds 8 and 9 showed antioxidant activities on the formation of malondiadehyde(MDA) in rat liver microsomes at 1×10~(-5) mol·L~(-1), with significant inhibitory rates of 75.20% and 91.12%, respectively.