Cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in patients treated with long-acting injectables antipsychotics: a retrospective study. 2023

Vera De Carlo, and Benedetta Grancini, and Niccolò Cassina, and Lorenzo Casati, and Eleonora Piccoli, and Matteo Vismara, and Dario Gobbo, and Raffaella Zanaschi, and Susanna Lupo, and Silvia Olivieri, and Bernardo Dell'Osso
Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.

The present cross-sectional, retrospective study aimed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and metabolic syndrome in a sample of psychiatric patients treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs). The clinical charts of 120 patients, mainly diagnosed with schizophrenia (30.0%), schizoaffective disorder (15.0%), and bipolar disorder (13.3%) on LAIs therapy - initiated in the period from 2013 to 2019 and lasting at least one year - were retrospectively reviewed and related socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were collected. The 70.8% of patients were treated with first-generation LAIs, and the remaining 29.2% with second-generation LAIs. The overall sample showed low compliance in performing the required exams and evaluations related to CVD risk factors. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.8%, and, considering specific CVD risk factors, 55% of the total sample reported abdominal obesity, 43.3% arterial hypertension, 41.7% low HDL-cholesterol, 25.8% hypertriglyceridemia, and 20.8% fasting hyperglycemia. Lastly, 6.7% showed prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval at the ECG. Patients treated with LAIs should be regularly monitored for metabolic changes and CVD risk factors. Metabolic changes rapidly develop after initiating an antipsychotic therapy and these often involve parameters, that can be easily recorded in an outpatient setting (e.g. abdominal obesity and hypertension).

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006973 Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. Blood Pressure, High,Blood Pressures, High,High Blood Pressure,High Blood Pressures
D002318 Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. Adverse Cardiac Event,Cardiac Events,Major Adverse Cardiac Events,Adverse Cardiac Events,Cardiac Event,Cardiac Event, Adverse,Cardiac Events, Adverse,Cardiovascular Disease,Disease, Cardiovascular,Event, Cardiac
D003430 Cross-Sectional Studies Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time. Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional
D003692 Delayed-Action Preparations Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology. Controlled Release Formulation,Controlled-Release Formulation,Controlled-Release Preparation,Delayed-Action Preparation,Depot Preparation,Depot Preparations,Extended Release Formulation,Extended Release Preparation,Prolonged-Action Preparation,Prolonged-Action Preparations,Sustained Release Formulation,Sustained-Release Preparation,Sustained-Release Preparations,Timed-Release Preparation,Timed-Release Preparations,Controlled-Release Formulations,Controlled-Release Preparations,Extended Release Formulations,Extended Release Preparations,Slow Release Formulation,Sustained Release Formulations,Controlled Release Formulations,Controlled Release Preparation,Controlled Release Preparations,Delayed Action Preparation,Delayed Action Preparations,Formulation, Controlled Release,Formulations, Controlled Release,Prolonged Action Preparation,Release Formulation, Controlled,Release Formulations, Controlled,Sustained Release Preparation,Timed Release Preparation,Timed Release Preparations
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000082742 Heart Disease Risk Factors Aspects of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inherited conditions and characteristics, which are determined to be associated with HEART DISEASES. Cardiovascular Risk,Cardiovascular Risk Factors,Cardiovascular Risk Score,Residual Cardiovascular Risk,Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease,Risk Factors for Heart Disease,Cardiovascular Risk Factor,Cardiovascular Risk Scores,Cardiovascular Risk, Residual,Cardiovascular Risks,Factor, Cardiovascular Risk,Residual Cardiovascular Risks,Risk Factor, Cardiovascular,Risk Score, Cardiovascular,Risk, Cardiovascular,Risk, Residual Cardiovascular,Score, Cardiovascular Risk
D012189 Retrospective Studies Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons. Retrospective Study,Studies, Retrospective,Study, Retrospective
D012307 Risk Factors An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent. Health Correlates,Risk Factor Scores,Risk Scores,Social Risk Factors,Population at Risk,Populations at Risk,Correlates, Health,Factor, Risk,Factor, Social Risk,Factors, Social Risk,Risk Factor,Risk Factor Score,Risk Factor, Social,Risk Factors, Social,Risk Score,Score, Risk,Score, Risk Factor,Social Risk Factor
D014150 Antipsychotic Agents Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus. Antipsychotic,Antipsychotic Agent,Antipsychotic Drug,Antipsychotic Medication,Major Tranquilizer,Neuroleptic,Neuroleptic Agent,Neuroleptic Drug,Neuroleptics,Tranquilizing Agents, Major,Antipsychotic Drugs,Antipsychotic Effect,Antipsychotic Effects,Antipsychotics,Major Tranquilizers,Neuroleptic Agents,Neuroleptic Drugs,Tranquillizing Agents, Major,Agent, Antipsychotic,Agent, Neuroleptic,Drug, Antipsychotic,Drug, Neuroleptic,Effect, Antipsychotic,Major Tranquilizing Agents,Major Tranquillizing Agents,Medication, Antipsychotic,Tranquilizer, Major
D056128 Obesity, Abdominal A condition of having excess fat in the abdomen. Abdominal obesity is typically defined as waist circumferences of 40 inches or more in men and 35 inches or more in women. Abdominal obesity raises the risk of developing disorders, such as DIABETES; HYPERTENSION; and METABOLIC SYNDROME. Central Obesity,Abdominal Obesity,Obesity, Visceral,Visceral Obesity,Abdominal Obesities,Central Obesities,Obesities, Abdominal,Obesities, Central,Obesities, Visceral,Obesity, Central,Visceral Obesities

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