On the basis of the material from three psychoneurological outpatient centres in Moscow the author has identified 581 schizophrenic patients without a history of hospitalization at mental institutions. It has been established that the proportion of these patients constituting 10.6 per cent from the total number of schizophrenic patients increases with time at the expense of slowly progressive forms. At the same time there is some tendency toward increase among nonhospitalized schizophrenic patients in cases with apparent manifestations of psychosis. Along with clinical factors influencing the structure of patient population without a history of hospitalization the author has identified other factors that may reduce or increase the number of these patients (the organizational structure of mental care, psychopharmacotherapy, social factors, etc.).