| D007328 |
Insulin |
A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1). |
Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin |
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| D007515 |
Islets of Langerhans |
Irregular microscopic structures consisting of cords of endocrine cells that are scattered throughout the PANCREAS among the exocrine acini. Each islet is surrounded by connective tissue fibers and penetrated by a network of capillaries. There are four major cell types. The most abundant beta cells (50-80%) secrete INSULIN. Alpha cells (5-20%) secrete GLUCAGON. PP cells (10-35%) secrete PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE. Delta cells (~5%) secrete SOMATOSTATIN. |
Islands of Langerhans,Islet Cells,Nesidioblasts,Pancreas, Endocrine,Pancreatic Islets,Cell, Islet,Cells, Islet,Endocrine Pancreas,Islet Cell,Islet, Pancreatic,Islets, Pancreatic,Langerhans Islands,Langerhans Islets,Nesidioblast,Pancreatic Islet |
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| D005947 |
Glucose |
A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. |
Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose |
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| D006801 |
Humans |
Members of the species Homo sapiens. |
Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man |
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| D000071516 |
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO |
A dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation. It has highest activity towards single-stranded RNA containing 3-methyluracil, followed by SINGLE-STRANDED DNA containing 3-methylthymine and specifically demethylates N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA, the most common internal modification of MESSENGER RNA (mRNA) in higher EUKARYOTES. It contributes to the regulation of the global metabolic rate, energy HOMEOSTASIS, as well as body fat accumulation by regulating the differentiation of ADIPOCYTES into BROWN FAT CELLS or WHITE FAT CELLS. |
AlkB Homolog 9 Protein,Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase,Fat Mass and Obesity Associated (FTO) Protein,Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Protein,Alpha Ketoglutarate Dependent Dioxygenase,Alpha Ketoglutarate Dependent Dioxygenase FTO,Dioxygenase, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent,FTO, Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase |
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| D000078790 |
Insulin Secretion |
Production and release of insulin from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS that primarily occurs in response to elevated BLOOD GLUCOSE levels. |
Secretion, Insulin |
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| D050417 |
Insulin-Secreting Cells |
A type of pancreatic cell representing about 50-80% of the islet cells. Beta cells secrete INSULIN. |
Pancreatic beta Cells,beta Cells, Pancreatic,Pancreatic B Cells,B Cell, Pancreatic,B Cells, Pancreatic,Cell, Insulin-Secreting,Cells, Insulin-Secreting,Insulin Secreting Cells,Insulin-Secreting Cell,Pancreatic B Cell,Pancreatic beta Cell,beta Cell, Pancreatic |
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| D051272 |
Glucose Transporter Type 1 |
A ubiquitously expressed glucose transporter that is important for constitutive, basal GLUCOSE transport. It is predominately expressed in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and ERYTHROCYTES at the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and is responsible for GLUCOSE entry into the BRAIN. |
Erythrocyte Glucose Transporter,GLUT-1 Protein,GLUT1 Protein,SLC2A1 Protein,Solute Carrier Family 2, Facilitated Glucose Transporter, Member 1 Protein,GLUT 1 Protein,Glucose Transporter, Erythrocyte |
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| D055436 |
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 |
A growth differentiation factor that is secreted in response to cell stress and in response to MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION. In addition growth differentiation factor 15 demonstrates a diverse array of biological properties including the induction of cartilage formation, the inhibition of hematopoietic progenitor proliferation, and the induction of neuronal migration. |
GDF-15,Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine 1,Prostate Differentiation Factor,Differentiation Factor, Prostate |
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