Biomaterial Database

Dual Role of B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. 2023

Gaurav Kumar, and Robert C Axtell

Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.

B cells have emerged as an important immune cell type that can be targeted for therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS). Depleting B cells with anti-CD20 antibodies is effective in treating MS. Yet, atacicept treatment, which blocks B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF) and A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL), two cytokines important for B cell development and function, paradoxically increases disease activity in MS patients. The reason behind the failure of atacicept is not well understood. The stark differences in clinical outcomes with these therapies demonstrate that B cells have both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions in MS. In this review, we summarize the importance of B cells in MS and discuss the different B cell subsets that perform inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions and how therapies modulate B cell functions in MS patients. Additionally, we discuss the potential anti-inflammatory functions of BAFF and APRIL on MS disease.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009103	Multiple Sclerosis	An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	MS (Multiple Sclerosis),Multiple Sclerosis, Acute Fulminating,Sclerosis, Disseminated,Disseminated Sclerosis,Sclerosis, Multiple
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001402	B-Lymphocytes	Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation.	B-Cells, Lymphocyte,B-Lymphocyte,Bursa-Dependent Lymphocytes,B Cells, Lymphocyte,B Lymphocyte,B Lymphocytes,B-Cell, Lymphocyte,Bursa Dependent Lymphocytes,Bursa-Dependent Lymphocyte,Lymphocyte B-Cell,Lymphocyte B-Cells,Lymphocyte, Bursa-Dependent,Lymphocytes, Bursa-Dependent
D016175	B-Lymphocyte Subsets	A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.	B-Cell Subsets,Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells,Tumor-Infiltrating B Lymphocytes,B Effector 1 Cells,B Effector 2 Cells,B-1 Cells,B-1 Lymphocytes,B-2 Lymphocytes,B-Lymphocytes, Effector,B1 Lymphocytes,B2 Lymphocytes,Be1 Cells,Be2 Cells,Effector B Cells,B 1 Cells,B 1 Lymphocytes,B 2 Lymphocytes,B Cell Subsets,B Cell, Tumor-Infiltrating,B Lymphocyte Subsets,B Lymphocyte, Tumor-Infiltrating,B-1 Cell,B-1 Lymphocyte,B-2 Lymphocyte,B-Cell Subset,B-Lymphocyte Subset,B-Lymphocyte, Effector,B1 Lymphocyte,B2 Lymphocyte,Be1 Cell,Be2 Cell,Cell, B-1,Cell, Be1,Cell, Be2,Effector B Cell,Effector B-Lymphocyte,Effector B-Lymphocytes,Lymphocyte, B-1,Lymphocyte, B-2,Lymphocyte, B1,Lymphocyte, B2,Tumor Infiltrating B Cells,Tumor Infiltrating B Lymphocytes,Tumor-Infiltrating B Cell,Tumor-Infiltrating B Lymphocyte
D016207	Cytokines	Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.	Cytokine
D053264	B-Cell Activating Factor	A tumor necrosis factor superfamily member that plays a role in the regulation of B-LYMPHOCYTE survival. It occurs as a membrane-bound protein that is cleaved to release an biologically active soluble form with specificity to TRANSMEMBRANE ACTIVATOR AND CAML INTERACTOR PROTEIN; B-CELL ACTIVATION FACTOR RECEPTOR; and B-CELL MATURATION ANTIGEN.	Antigens, CD257,BAFF Ligand,CD257 Antigens,Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13b,B Cell Activating Factor,B Lymphocyte Stimulator,B-Lymphocyte Activating Factor,BLyS Protein,CD257 Antigen,TALL-1 Protein,THANK Protein,TNF Superfamily, Member 13b,TNF and APOL-Related Leukocyte Expressed Ligand 1,TNFSF13B Protein,Activating Factor, B-Cell,Activating Factor, B-Lymphocyte,Antigen, CD257,B Lymphocyte Activating Factor,TALL 1 Protein,TNF and APOL Related Leukocyte Expressed Ligand 1