Biomaterial Database

Consequences of India's population aging to its healthcare financing and provision. 2023

Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo, and Himanshu Sekhar Rout, and Mihajlo Jakovljevic

Department of Analytical & Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.

To conduct a comprehensive literature review on the state of population aging, healthcare financing, and provision in India. To obtain relevant records in the Indian context, multiple publications were searched from databases, such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, JSTOR, and Google Scholar using the following keywords: "Population Ageing," "Population Aging," "Health System," "Demographic Dividend," "Non-communicable Diseases," "Double Burden of Diseases," "Health Spending," "Sustainable Health Financing," and "Health Coverage." Data on different health indices were collected from different websites of the government of India and international organizations (e.g. World Bank, UN, WHO, and Statista). As people live longer, India faces a double burden of disease, with the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) amidst the presence of widespread communicable diseases. The combined problem of the double burden of diseases and population aging poses a severe sustainability challenge for its healthcare financing and the entire health system. Healthcare financing based on progressive taxation and large-scale prepayment coverage is an effective solution for sustaining the health system. However, due to the prevalence of indirect taxes, India's tax system is regressive. Hence, community-based health insurance (CBHI) schemes can be a feasible solution to cover the large mass of poor working in the informal sector. India needs to address the alterations in its healthcare needs and demands brought on by the advancing demographic shift. To achieve so, the country's healthcare system must be reformed to accommodate strong national policies focusing on universal access to critical care especially geriatric and palliative care.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D003695	Delivery of Health Care	The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.	Delivery of Dental Care,Health Care,Health Care Delivery,Health Care Systems,Community-Based Distribution,Contraceptive Distribution,Delivery of Healthcare,Dental Care Delivery,Distribution, Non-Clinical,Distribution, Nonclinical,Distributional Activities,Healthcare,Healthcare Delivery,Healthcare Systems,Non-Clinical Distribution,Nonclinical Distribution,Activities, Distributional,Activity, Distributional,Care, Health,Community Based Distribution,Community-Based Distributions,Contraceptive Distributions,Deliveries, Healthcare,Delivery, Dental Care,Delivery, Health Care,Delivery, Healthcare,Distribution, Community-Based,Distribution, Contraceptive,Distribution, Non Clinical,Distributional Activity,Distributions, Community-Based,Distributions, Contraceptive,Distributions, Non-Clinical,Distributions, Nonclinical,Health Care System,Healthcare Deliveries,Healthcare System,Non Clinical Distribution,Non-Clinical Distributions,Nonclinical Distributions,System, Health Care,System, Healthcare,Systems, Health Care,Systems, Healthcare
D005102	Health Expenditures	The amounts spent by individuals, groups, nations, or private or public organizations for total health care and/or its various components. These amounts may or may not be equivalent to the actual costs (HEALTH CARE COSTS) and may or may not be shared among the patient, insurers, and/or employers.	Expenditure,Expenditures, Health,Health Expenditure,Out Of Pocket Expenditure,Out-of-Pocket Cost,Out-of-Pocket Expense,Out-of-Pocket Payment,Expenditures,Expenditures, Direct,Expenditures, Indirect,Expenditures, Out-of-Pocket,Out-of Pocket Expenditures,Out-of-Pocket Costs,Out-of-Pocket Expenses,Out-of-Pocket Payments,Out-of-Pocket Spending,Cost, Out-of-Pocket,Costs, Out-of-Pocket,Direct Expenditure,Direct Expenditures,Expenditure, Direct,Expenditure, Health,Expenditure, Indirect,Expenditure, Out-of Pocket,Expenditure, Out-of-Pocket,Expenditures, Out of Pocket,Expenditures, Out-of Pocket,Expense, Out-of-Pocket,Expenses, Out-of-Pocket,Indirect Expenditure,Indirect Expenditures,Out of Pocket Cost,Out of Pocket Costs,Out of Pocket Expenditures,Out of Pocket Expense,Out of Pocket Expenses,Out of Pocket Payment,Out of Pocket Payments,Out of Pocket Spending,Out-of Pocket Expenditure,Out-of-Pocket Expenditure,Out-of-Pocket Expenditures,Payment, Out-of-Pocket,Payments, Out-of-Pocket,Spending, Out-of-Pocket
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000073296	Noncommunicable Diseases	Diseases which are typically non-infectious in origin and do not transmit from an affected individual to others. The four main types of noncommunicable diseases are CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (e.g., heart attacks and stroke), CANCER, chronic respiratory diseases (e.g., CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE and ASTHMA) and DIABETES MELLITUS.	Non-communicable Chronic Diseases,Non-communicable Diseases,Non-infectious Diseases,Noninfectious Diseases,Chronic Disease, Non-communicable,Disease, Non-communicable,Non communicable Chronic Diseases,Non communicable Diseases,Non infectious Diseases,Non-communicable Chronic Disease,Non-communicable Disease,Non-infectious Disease,Noncommunicable Disease,Noninfectious Disease
D000368	Aged	A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available.	Elderly
D000375	Aging	The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	Senescence,Aging, Biological,Biological Aging
D061889	Healthcare Financing	Methods of generating, allocating, and using financial resources in healthcare systems.	Health Financing,Financing, Health,Financing, Healthcare,Financings, Health,Financings, Healthcare,Health Financings,Healthcare Financings
D019472	Universal Health Insurance	Health insurance coverage for all persons in a state or country, rather than for some subset of the population. It may extend to the unemployed as well as to the employed; to aliens as well as to citizens; for pre-existing conditions as well as for current illnesses; for mental as well as for physical conditions.	Universal Coverage,Coverage, Universal,Health Insurance, Universal,Insurance, Universal Health