Multiplexed Bead-Based Peptide Immunoassays for the Detection of Antibody Reactivities. 2023

Silvia Schönthaler, and Jasmin Huber, and Manuela Hofner, and Yasmin Gillitschka, and Regina Soldo, and Lisa Milchram, and Klemens Vierlinger, and Christa Nöhammer, and Andreas Weinhäusel
Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria. silvia.schoenthaler@ait.ac.at.

Antigenic peptides are commonly used in serological test settings such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to determine reactive antibodies (ABs) from serum or plasma samples. The use of synthetic peptides provides advantages like lower production effort and easier incorporation of specific chemical modifications compared to full-length antigenic proteins. Multiplexed antibody (AB) profiling methods such as microarray technologies enable the simultaneous identification of multiple novel biomarkers for the use in early disease diagnostics, vaccine development, or monitoring of immune responses. Despite various benefits they still show major limitations which can be overcome with bead-based assay technologies like the multi-analyte profiling (xMAP) technology developed by Luminex. In this chapter we introduce our established workflow for AB profiling with a multiplexed bead-based peptide immunoassay. The workflow is based on copper-catalyzed click chemistry to immobilize designed synthetic peptides onto uniquely color-coded paramagnetic beads in an orientation-specific manner. The individual peptide-coupled beads can be distinguished by their unique emission spectra during readout in the xMAP instrument and therefore allow testing of up to 500 different antigenic peptides in one multiplexed reaction. The multistep process described in this chapter is divided into separate sections for peptide design, coupling of functionalized peptides to MagPlex beads via click chemistry, confirmation of successful peptide immobilization, processing of serum or plasma samples, or preferably purified IgG thereof, with the multiplexed bead-based peptide immunoassay and subsequent data export and analysis.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007118 Immunoassay A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance. Immunochromatographic Assay,Assay, Immunochromatographic,Assays, Immunochromatographic,Immunoassays,Immunochromatographic Assays
D010455 Peptides Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are considered to be larger versions of peptides that can form into complex structures such as ENZYMES and RECEPTORS. Peptide,Polypeptide,Polypeptides
D004797 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed. ELISA,Assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,Immunosorbent Assay, Enzyme-Linked,Immunosorbent Assays, Enzyme-Linked
D000906 Antibodies Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).
D044967 Serum The clear portion of BLOOD that is left after BLOOD COAGULATION to remove BLOOD CELLS and clotting proteins. Blood Serum,Serum, Blood,Serums

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