Biomaterial Database

Regional differences in the cat caudate nucleus as to the effectiveness in inducing contraversive head-turning by electrical stimulation. 1987

T Ohno, and H Tsubokawa

Department of Physiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

An attempt was made to re-examine regional differences in the cat caudate nucleus as to the effectiveness in inducing contraversive head-turning by electrical stimulation and to analyze the time course of head-turning quantitatively. In 5 of the total 9 cats, the right sensorimotor cortex and its surrounding areas had been ablated chronically. While the awake, unrestrained cat maintained a stable standing posture facing forward, stimulation was applied systematically to various points in and around the caudate nucleus with a movable stimulating electrode. Trains of stimulating current pulses of less than 300 microA were given, mostly at a rate of 100 Hz for 5 s. In most experiments in which stimulation was given to the side of the intact cerebral cortex, stimulation of caudal portions of the head of the caudate nucleus was effective in inducing contraversive head-turning, but that of its rostral portions was ineffective. In experiments on the side of chronic cortical ablation, similar results were obtained. These results suggested that head-turning induced by stimulation of the caudate nucleus was brought about not by the activation of the corticofugal fibers from these cortical areas by a current spreading to the internal capsule, but by the activation of caudate neurons. Hence, it was demonstrated that there were regional differences in the cat caudate nucleus as to the effectiveness in inducing head-turning. The mean of the shortest latencies of the onset of head-turning for individual stimulation points was 396 ms (S.D., 210 ms) for the side of the intact cerebral cortex, and 454 ms (S.D., 289 ms) for the side of the cortical ablation. Statistically, there was no significant difference between them. Therefore, it was further revealed that the elimination of the sensorimotor cortex did not affect the caudate-induced head-turning in terms of the latency of its onset.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009068	Movement	The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.	Movements
D011930	Reaction Time	The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.	Response Latency,Response Speed,Response Time,Latency, Response,Reaction Times,Response Latencies,Response Times,Speed, Response,Speeds, Response
D001931	Brain Mapping	Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.	Brain Electrical Activity Mapping,Functional Cerebral Localization,Topographic Brain Mapping,Brain Mapping, Topographic,Functional Cerebral Localizations,Mapping, Brain,Mapping, Topographic Brain
D002415	Cats	The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)	Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D002421	Caudate Nucleus	Elongated gray mass of the neostriatum located adjacent to the lateral ventricle of the brain.	Caudatus,Nucleus Caudatus,Caudatus, Nucleus,Nucleus, Caudate
D004525	Efferent Pathways	Nerve structures through which impulses are conducted from a nerve center toward a peripheral site. Such impulses are conducted via efferent neurons (NEURONS, EFFERENT), such as MOTOR NEURONS, autonomic neurons, and hypophyseal neurons.	Motor Pathways,Efferent Pathway,Pathway, Efferent,Pathways, Efferent
D004558	Electric Stimulation	Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.	Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D006257	Head	The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.	Heads
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013239	Stereotyped Behavior	Relatively invariant mode of behavior elicited or determined by a particular situation; may be verbal, postural, or expressive.	Behavior, Stereotyped,Behaviors, Stereotyped,Stereotyped Behaviors