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This study evaluated health risks associated with U.S. Navy submarine duty by comparing hospitalization rates of submariners with surface ship personnel. The groups were compared using age-adjusted hospitalization rates for 16 major diagnostic categories and several specific diagnoses postulated to be submarine associated. Submarine personnel did not have significantly higher hospitalization rates for any diagnostic categories nor for any of the submarine-associated illnesses. Submariner relative risk of hospital admissions was greater for a few selected diagnoses but statistical significance was not attained. Submarine personnel had lower hospitalization rates for nearly all of the diagnostic categories examined. Reasons for these lower rates may be stringent screening of submariners, higher levels of education among submariners, difficulty of evacuation from a submarine, and the healthy-worker effect. The health status of U.S. Navy personnel does not seem to be adversely affected by submarine duty.
R G Burr, and
L A Palinkas
April 1988,
Military medicine,
R G Burr, and
L A Palinkas
February 1985,
Aviation, space, and environmental medicine,
R G Burr, and
L A Palinkas
June 1986,
Undersea biomedical research,
R G Burr, and
L A Palinkas
February 2024,
Military medicine,
R G Burr, and
L A Palinkas
July 1985,
Aviation, space, and environmental medicine,
R G Burr, and
L A Palinkas
April 1996,
Military medicine,
R G Burr, and
L A Palinkas
March 2003,
Aviation, space, and environmental medicine,
R G Burr, and
L A Palinkas
February 1991,
Military medicine,
R G Burr, and
L A Palinkas
September 2000,
Military medicine,
R G Burr, and
L A Palinkas
January 1952,
Arquivos brasileiros de medicina naval,
