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As liver disease progresses, intrahepatic vascular resistance increases (backward flow theory of portal hypertension) and collateral veins develop. Adequate portal hypertension is required to maintain portal flow into the liver through an increase in blood flow into the portal venous system (forward flow theory of portal hypertension). The splenic artery resistance index is significantly and selectively elevated in cirrhotic patients. In portal hypertension, a local hyperdynamic state occurs around the spleen. Splenomegaly is associated with a poor prognosis in cirrhosis and is caused by spleen congestion and by enlargement and hyperactivation of splenic lymphoid tissue. Hypersplenism can lead to thrombocytopenia caused by increased sequestering and breakdown of platelets in the spleen. The close relationship between the spleen and liver is reflected in the concept of the hepatosplenic axis. The spleen is a regulatory organ that maintains portal flow into the liver and is the key organ in the forward flow theory of portal hypertension. This review summarizes the literature on the role of the spleen in portal hypertension.
Hiroshi Yoshida, and
Tetsuya Shimizu, and
Masato Yoshioka, and
Akira Matsushita, and
Youichi Kawano, and
Junji Ueda, and
Mampei Kawashima, and
Nobuhiko Taniai, and
Yasuhiro Mamada
February 2006,
Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology,
Hiroshi Yoshida, and
Tetsuya Shimizu, and
Masato Yoshioka, and
Akira Matsushita, and
Youichi Kawano, and
Junji Ueda, and
Mampei Kawashima, and
Nobuhiko Taniai, and
Yasuhiro Mamada
February 2002,
Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver,
Hiroshi Yoshida, and
Tetsuya Shimizu, and
Masato Yoshioka, and
Akira Matsushita, and
Youichi Kawano, and
Junji Ueda, and
Mampei Kawashima, and
Nobuhiko Taniai, and
Yasuhiro Mamada
February 1959,
L'union medicale du Canada,
Hiroshi Yoshida, and
Tetsuya Shimizu, and
Masato Yoshioka, and
Akira Matsushita, and
Youichi Kawano, and
Junji Ueda, and
Mampei Kawashima, and
Nobuhiko Taniai, and
Yasuhiro Mamada
December 1966,
Surgery,
Hiroshi Yoshida, and
Tetsuya Shimizu, and
Masato Yoshioka, and
Akira Matsushita, and
Youichi Kawano, and
Junji Ueda, and
Mampei Kawashima, and
Nobuhiko Taniai, and
Yasuhiro Mamada
January 1960,
Langenbecks Archiv fur klinische Chirurgie ... vereinigt mit Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Chirurgie,
Hiroshi Yoshida, and
Tetsuya Shimizu, and
Masato Yoshioka, and
Akira Matsushita, and
Youichi Kawano, and
Junji Ueda, and
Mampei Kawashima, and
Nobuhiko Taniai, and
Yasuhiro Mamada
February 1967,
Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960),
Hiroshi Yoshida, and
Tetsuya Shimizu, and
Masato Yoshioka, and
Akira Matsushita, and
Youichi Kawano, and
Junji Ueda, and
Mampei Kawashima, and
Nobuhiko Taniai, and
Yasuhiro Mamada
July 1968,
International surgery,
Hiroshi Yoshida, and
Tetsuya Shimizu, and
Masato Yoshioka, and
Akira Matsushita, and
Youichi Kawano, and
Junji Ueda, and
Mampei Kawashima, and
Nobuhiko Taniai, and
Yasuhiro Mamada
April 2004,
La Radiologia medica,
Hiroshi Yoshida, and
Tetsuya Shimizu, and
Masato Yoshioka, and
Akira Matsushita, and
Youichi Kawano, and
Junji Ueda, and
Mampei Kawashima, and
Nobuhiko Taniai, and
Yasuhiro Mamada
June 1950,
Revista brasileira de cirurgia,
Hiroshi Yoshida, and
Tetsuya Shimizu, and
Masato Yoshioka, and
Akira Matsushita, and
Youichi Kawano, and
Junji Ueda, and
Mampei Kawashima, and
Nobuhiko Taniai, and
Yasuhiro Mamada
February 1969,
Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960),
