Post-COVID-19 sequelae in lungs: retrospective computed tomography analysis in selected tertiary care hospitals of Mangalore. 2023

Sonali Ullal, and Ankita Goyal
Department of Radiodiagnosis, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

The radiological features of COVID-19 during the active disease process are well established, but the radio-logical features in the convalescent and post-recovery period of the disease are still unclear. The objectives of this study are to document and assess the proportion of the residual changes in lung post COVID-19 infection and to look for evidence and the proportion of fibrosis post COVID-19 infection on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). HRCT thorax of COVID-positive cases done during the disease process and in the recovery/post recovery phase were included in the study. Sample Size: 75. Categorical data are represented in the form of frequencies and proportions. The c2 test was used as a test of significance for qualitative data. Continuous data are represented as mean and standard deviation. A p-value (probability that the result is true) of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant after assuming all the rules of statistical tests. Initial computed tomography (CT) findings mainly included ground glass opacity (GGO) (93.3%), inter-lobular septal thickening (66.7%), consolidation (52.0%), and fibrotic bands (8.0%). Ninety-two per cent of the CT scans demonstrated some pulmonary change in the follow-up CT. This was mostly in the form of GGO (58%). Approximately 17% of cases showed fibrotic changes in the follow-up CT. Post-COVID lung sequelae can be present in a significant number of patients. This are mostly seen in patients with severe initial disease and in older patients. Statistically significant post-COVID sequelae changes include GGO, fibrotic bands, and bronchiectasis.

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