Mechanosensitive pore opening of a prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel. 2023

Peter R Strege, and Luke M Cowan, and Constanza Alcaino, and Amelia Mazzone, and Christopher A Ahern, and Lorin S Milescu, and Gianrico Farrugia, and Arthur Beyder
Enteric Neuroscience Program (ENSP), Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States.

Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) orchestrate electrical activities that drive mechanical functions in contractile tissues such as the heart and gut. In turn, contractions change membrane tension and impact ion channels. VGICs are mechanosensitive, but the mechanisms of mechanosensitivity remain poorly understood. Here, we leverage the relative simplicity of NaChBac, a prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel from Bacillus halodurans, to investigate mechanosensitivity. In whole-cell experiments on heterologously transfected HEK293 cells, shear stress reversibly altered the kinetic properties of NaChBac and increased its maximum current, comparably to the mechanosensitive eukaryotic sodium channel NaV1.5. In single-channel experiments, patch suction reversibly increased the open probability of a NaChBac mutant with inactivation removed. A simple kinetic mechanism featuring a mechanosensitive pore opening transition explained the overall response to force, whereas an alternative model with mechanosensitive voltage sensor activation diverged from the data. Structural analysis of NaChBac identified a large displacement of the hinged intracellular gate, and mutagenesis near the hinge diminished NaChBac mechanosensitivity, further supporting the proposed mechanism. Our results suggest that NaChBac is overall mechanosensitive due to the mechanosensitivity of a voltage-insensitive gating step associated with the pore opening. This mechanism may apply to eukaryotic VGICs, including NaV1.5.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D015640 Ion Channel Gating The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability. Gating, Ion Channel,Gatings, Ion Channel,Ion Channel Gatings
D016296 Mutagenesis Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS. Mutageneses
D057809 HEK293 Cells A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5. 293T Cells,HEK 293 Cell Line,HEK 293 Cells,Human Embryonic Kidney Cell Line 293,Human Kidney Cell Line 293,293 Cell, HEK,293 Cells, HEK,293T Cell,Cell, 293T,Cell, HEK 293,Cell, HEK293,Cells, 293T,Cells, HEK 293,Cells, HEK293,HEK 293 Cell,HEK293 Cell
D061566 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels A family of membrane proteins that selectively conduct SODIUM ions due to changes in the TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE. They typically have a multimeric structure with a core alpha subunit that defines the sodium channel subtype and several beta subunits that modulate sodium channel activity. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel,Sodium Channels, Voltage-Gated,Channel, Voltage-Gated Sodium,Channels, Voltage-Gated Sodium,Sodium Channel, Voltage-Gated,Sodium Channels, Voltage Gated,Voltage Gated Sodium Channel,Voltage Gated Sodium Channels

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