The toxic effects of anabolic steroids "nandrolone decanoate" on cardiac and skeletal muscles with the potential ameliorative effects of silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract in adult male albino rats. 2023

Dalia Abd Elwahab Hassan, and Sherien S Ghaleb, and Amr Reda Zaki, and Ahmed Abdelmenem, and Shimaa Nabil, and Mostafa Abdallah Abdel Alim
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62511, Egypt. daliaabdelwahabhassan@gmail.com.

Anabolic steroids (AS) are commonly abused by body builders and athletes aiming to increase their strength and muscle mass but unfortunately, the long-term use of AS may lead to serious side effects. Nandrolone Decanoate is one of the Class II anabolic androgenic steroids which quickly spread globally and used clinically and illicitly. Our research was directed to assess the toxic effects of anabolic steroids on cardiac and skeletal muscles in male albino rats and to evaluate the potential ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin. Our research was done on 120 male albino rats that were allocated into 6 groups; group I: Served as a control group, group II: Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate, group III: Received silymarin orally, group IV: Received fenugreek seeds extract orally, group (V): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and silymarin and group (VI): Received the anabolic steroid Nandrolone Decanoate and fenugreek seeds extract. By the end of the study, rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis and autopsy samples for histopathological examination. The anabolic steroids toxic effects on rats showed a significant decrease in serum High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level and increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels. There was a significant elevation in cardiac troponin I level. As regards to histopathological examination of the cardiac and skeletal muscles, the study showed marked degenerative changes and necrosis. Both silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract provided a protective effect on the biochemical and histopathological changes. The antioxidant effects of silymarin and fenugreek seeds extract were evaluated on the heart, skeletal muscles and showed that, the tissue levels of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased in AS treated rats compared to the control group. On the other hand, the tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were elevated. Anabolic steroids have a toxic effect on the cardiac and skeletal muscles of albino rats with improvement by treatment with fenugreek seeds extract and silymarin.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009277 Nandrolone C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position. 19-Nortestosterone,Estrenolone,Norandrostenolone,Nortestosterone,17-Hydroxy-Estr-4-Ene-3-One,17beta-Hydroxy-19-Nor-4-Androsten-3-One,17beta Hydroxy 19 Nor 4 Androsten 3 One
D003651 Decanoates Salts and esters of the 10-carbon monocarboxylic acid-decanoic acid.
D000077603 Nandrolone Decanoate Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. 17 beta-Hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one 17-decanoate,19-Nortestosterone Decanoate,19-nor-4-Androstene-17 beta-ol-3-one 17-decanoate,Decadurabolin,Decadurobolin,Retabolil,Retabolyl,17 beta Hydroxyestr 4 en 3 one 17 decanoate,19 Nortestosterone Decanoate,19 nor 4 Androstene 17 beta ol 3 one 17 decanoate
D000094343 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Synthetic, or human-made, variations of the male sex hormone testosterone often misused by athletes to enhance performance. Anabolic Androgenic Steroid,Anabolic Steroid,Anabolic Steroids,Androgenic Steroid, Anabolic,Androgenic Steroids, Anabolic,Steroid, Anabolic Androgenic,Steroids, Anabolic Androgenic
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012838 Silymarin A mixture of flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum. It consists primarily of silybin and its isomers, silicristin and silidianin. Silymarin displays antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activity. It protects various tissues and organs against chemical injury, and shows potential as an antihepatoxic agent. Carsil,Karsil,Legalon,Silimarin
D045930 Anabolic Agents These compounds stimulate anabolism and inhibit catabolism. They stimulate the development of muscle mass, strength, and power. Anabolic Effect,Anabolic Effects,Agents, Anabolic,Effect, Anabolic,Effects, Anabolic
D051381 Rats The common name for the genus Rattus. Rattus,Rats, Laboratory,Rats, Norway,Rattus norvegicus,Laboratory Rat,Laboratory Rats,Norway Rat,Norway Rats,Rat,Rat, Laboratory,Rat, Norway,norvegicus, Rattus
D018482 Muscle, Skeletal A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles. Anterior Tibial Muscle,Gastrocnemius Muscle,Muscle, Voluntary,Plantaris Muscle,Skeletal Muscle,Soleus Muscle,Muscle, Anterior Tibial,Muscle, Gastrocnemius,Muscle, Plantaris,Muscle, Soleus,Muscles, Skeletal,Muscles, Voluntary,Skeletal Muscles,Tibial Muscle, Anterior,Voluntary Muscle,Voluntary Muscles
D029910 Trigonella A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Fenugreek,Foenumgraecum,Poenumgraecum,Trigonella foenum-graecum,Fenugreeks,Foenumgraecums,Poenumgraecums,Trigonella foenum graecum,Trigonella foenum-graecums,Trigonellas,foenum-graecum, Trigonella

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