| D007678 |
Kidney Glomerulus |
A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue. |
Glomerulus, Kidney |
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| D000076222 |
Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 |
An evolutionarily conserved multiprotein complex that functions as a cellular energy sensor and regulator of protein synthesis for cell growth and proliferation. It consists of TOR SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; REGULATORY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN OF MTOR (RAPTOR); MLST8 PROTEIN; and AKT1 substrate 1 protein. The activity of the complex is regulated by SIROLIMUS; INSULIN; GROWTH FACTORS; PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS; some amino acids or amino acid derivatives, and OXIDATIVE STRESS. |
TOR Complex 1,TORC1,Target of Rapamycin Complex 1,mTORC1,mTORC1 Complex,Complex, mTORC1 |
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| D015398 |
Signal Transduction |
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway. |
Cell Signaling,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Pathways,Receptor Mediated Signal Transduction,Signal Transduction Pathways,Signal Transduction Systems,Pathway, Signal,Pathway, Signal Transduction,Pathways, Signal,Pathways, Signal Transduction,Receptor-Mediated Signal Transductions,Signal Pathway,Signal Transduction Pathway,Signal Transduction System,Signal Transduction, Receptor-Mediated,Signal Transductions,Signal Transductions, Receptor-Mediated,System, Signal Transduction,Systems, Signal Transduction,Transduction, Signal,Transductions, Signal |
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| D050199 |
Podocytes |
Highly differentiated epithelial cells of the visceral layer of BOWMAN CAPSULE of the KIDNEY. They are composed of a cell body with major CELL SURFACE EXTENSIONS and secondary fingerlike extensions called pedicels. They enwrap the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS capillaries with their cell surface extensions forming a filtration structure. The pedicels of neighboring podocytes interdigitate with each other leaving between them filtration slits that are bridged by an extracellular structure impermeable to large macromolecules called the slit diaphragm, and provide the last barrier to protein loss in the KIDNEY. |
Visceral Epithelial Cells, Glomerular,Epithelial Cells, Glomerular Visceral,Glomerular Visceral Epithelial Cells,Podocyte |
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| D051057 |
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt |
Protein-serine-threonine kinases that contain PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAINS and are activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. They play a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells. |
akt Proto-Oncogene Protein,c-akt Protein,AKT1 Protein Kinase,AKT2 Protein Kinase,AKT3 Protein Kinase,Akt-alpha Protein,Akt-beta Protein,Akt-gamma Protein,Protein Kinase B,Protein Kinase B alpha,Protein Kinase B beta,Protein Kinase B gamma,Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinase (Rac),Proto-Oncogene Protein Akt,Proto-Oncogene Protein RAC,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt1,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt2,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt3,RAC-PK Protein,Rac Protein Kinase,Rac-PK alpha Protein,Rac-PK beta Protein,Related to A and C-Protein,c-akt Proto-Oncogene Protein,Akt alpha Protein,Akt beta Protein,Akt gamma Protein,Akt, Proto-Oncogene Protein,Protein, akt Proto-Oncogene,Protein, c-akt Proto-Oncogene,Proteins c-akt1, Proto-Oncogene,Proteins c-akt2, Proto-Oncogene,Proteins c-akt3, Proto-Oncogene,Proto Oncogene Protein Akt,Proto Oncogene Protein RAC,Proto Oncogene Proteins c akt,Proto Oncogene Proteins c akt1,Proto Oncogene Proteins c akt2,Proto Oncogene Proteins c akt3,Proto-Oncogene Protein, akt,Proto-Oncogene Protein, c-akt,RAC PK Protein,RAC, Proto-Oncogene Protein,Rac PK alpha Protein,Rac PK beta Protein,Related to A and C Protein,akt Proto Oncogene Protein,alpha Protein, Rac-PK,c akt Proto Oncogene Protein,c-akt, Proto-Oncogene Proteins,c-akt1, Proto-Oncogene Proteins,c-akt2, Proto-Oncogene Proteins,c-akt3, Proto-Oncogene Proteins |
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