Eugenol and menthol synergize the toxicity of permethrin in the blood-sucking bug, Triatoma infestans. 2023

M M Noel Reynoso, and Eduardo N Zerba, and Raúl A Alzogaray
UNIDEF-CITEDEF-CONICET-CIPEIN, Juan B. de La Salle 4397, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: get_juy87@hotmail.com.

The blood-sucking bug, Triatoma infestans, is one of the main vectors of Chagas disease in America. It is usually controlled with pyrethroids, but the emergence of resistance to these insecticides creates the need to look for alternative products. Eugenol, menthol and menthyl acetate are botanical monoterpenes, which produce lethal and sublethal effects on insects. The purpose of this work was to determine what type of toxicological interactions occur when binary mixtures, formed by the pyrethroid permethrin and sublehtal doses of eugenol, menthol or menthyl acetate, are applied to T. infestans. First instar nymphs were exposed to filter papers impregnated with the insecticides. The number of knocked down insects was registered at different times and Knock Down Time 50% (KT50) values were calculated. The following KT50 values with their corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals were obtained: permethrin, 47.29 (39.92 - 56.32) min; permethrin + eugenol, 34.08 (29.60 - 39.01) min; permethrin + menthol, 27.54 (23.28 - 32.55) min; permethrin + menthyl acetate, 43.62 (39.99 - 47.59) min. Eugenol and menthol increased the speed of action of permethrin (synergism), but menthyl acetate had no effect on it (additivity). These results provide the basis to further explore interactions between conventional insecticides and plant monoterpenes as potential tools for controlling T. infestans.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007305 Insecticide Resistance The development by insects of resistance to insecticides. Insecticide Resistances,Resistance, Insecticide,Resistances, Insecticide
D007306 Insecticides Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. Insecticide
D008610 Menthol A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-,Menthol, (1alpha,2beta,5alpha)-Isomer
D011722 Pyrethrins The active insecticidal constituent of CHRYSANTHEMUM CINERARIIFOLIUM flowers. Pyrethrin I is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemummonocarboxylic acid and pyrethrin II is the pyretholone ester of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester. Pyrethrin,Pyrethroid,Pyrethroids
D005054 Eugenol A cinnamate derivative of the shikimate pathway found in CLOVE OIL and other PLANTS. Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-
D000085 Acetates Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure. Acetate,Acetic Acid Esters,Acetic Acids,Acids, Acetic,Esters, Acetic Acid
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014224 Triatoma A genus of the subfamily TRIATOMINAE. Several species are vectors of TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. Triatomas
D014355 Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON. Trypanosomiasis, South American,American Trypanosomiasis,Chagas' Disease,Trypanosoma cruzi Infection,Infection, Trypanosoma cruzi,Infections, Trypanosoma cruzi,South American Trypanosomiasis,Trypanosoma cruzi Infections,Trypanosomiasis, American
D026023 Permethrin A pyrethroid insecticide commonly used in the treatment of LICE INFESTATIONS and SCABIES. Cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester,(m-Phenoxybenzyl)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate,3-Phenoxybenzyl-(+-)-cis,trans-2,2-dichlorovinyl-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropylcarboxylic acid, ester,3-Phenoxybenzyl-cis,trans-(1RS)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate,Ambush,Elimite,FMC-33297,NIA-33297,NRDC-143,NRDC-147,Nittifor,PP-557,Permethrin, (1R-cis)-Isomer,Permethrin, (1R-trans)-Isomer,Permethrin, (1S-cis)-Isomer,Permethrin, (1S-trans)-Isomer,Permethrin, (cis)-Isomer,Permethrin, (cis-(+-))-Isomer,Permethrin, (trans)-Isomer,Permethrin, (trans-(+-))-Isomer,Permethrin, trans-(1RS)-Isomer,S-3151,cis-(1RS)-permethrin,cis-permethrin,permethrin, cis-(1RS)-isomer,trans-(1RS)-Permethrin,trans-permethrin,FMC 33297,FMC33297,NIA 33297,NIA33297,NRDC 143,NRDC 147,NRDC143,NRDC147,PP 557,PP557,S 3151,S3151,cis permethrin,trans permethrin

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