Scar/WAVE has Rac GTPase-independent functions during cell wound repair. 2023

Mitsutoshi Nakamura, and Justin Hui, and Viktor Stjepić, and Susan M Parkhurst
Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.

Rho family GTPases regulate both linear and branched actin dynamics by activating downstream effectors to facilitate the assembly and function of complex cellular structures such as lamellipodia and contractile actomyosin rings. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) family proteins are downstream effectors of Rho family GTPases that usually function in a one-to-one correspondence to regulate branched actin nucleation. In particular, the WAS protein Scar/WAVE has been shown to exhibit one-to-one correspondence with Rac GTPase. Here we show that Rac and SCAR are recruited to cell wounds in the Drosophila repair model and are required for the proper formation and maintenance of the dynamic actomyosin ring formed at the wound periphery. Interestingly, we find that SCAR is recruited to wounds earlier than Rac and is still recruited to the wound periphery in the presence of a potent Rac inhibitor. We also show that while Rac is important for actin recruitment to the actomyosin ring, SCAR serves to organize the actomyosin ring and facilitate its anchoring to the overlying plasma membrane. These differing spatiotemporal recruitment patterns and wound repair phenotypes highlight the Rac-independent functions of SCAR and provide an exciting new context in which to investigate these newly uncovered SCAR functions.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008841 Actin Cytoskeleton Fibers composed of MICROFILAMENT PROTEINS, which are predominately ACTIN. They are the smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments. Actin Filaments,Microfilaments,Actin Microfilaments,Actin Cytoskeletons,Actin Filament,Actin Microfilament,Cytoskeleton, Actin,Cytoskeletons, Actin,Filament, Actin,Filaments, Actin,Microfilament,Microfilament, Actin,Microfilaments, Actin
D002921 Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. Scars,Cicatrization,Scar,Scarring
D004330 Drosophila A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology. Fruit Fly, Drosophila,Drosophila Fruit Flies,Drosophila Fruit Fly,Drosophilas,Flies, Drosophila Fruit,Fly, Drosophila Fruit,Fruit Flies, Drosophila
D000199 Actins Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle. F-Actin,G-Actin,Actin,Isoactin,N-Actin,alpha-Actin,alpha-Isoactin,beta-Actin,gamma-Actin,F Actin,G Actin,N Actin,alpha Actin,alpha Isoactin,beta Actin,gamma Actin
D000205 Actomyosin A protein complex of actin and MYOSINS occurring in muscle. It is the essential contractile substance of muscle.
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D048749 Cytokinesis The process by which the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided. Cytoplasmic Division,Cytokineses,Cytoplasmic Divisions,Division, Cytoplasmic,Divisions, Cytoplasmic
D051300 Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family A family of microfilament proteins whose name derives from the fact that mutations in members of this protein family have been associated with WISKOTT-ALDRICH SYNDROME. They are involved in ACTIN polymerization and contain a polyproline-rich region that binds to PROFILIN, and a verprolin homology domain that binds G-ACTIN. WAS Protein Family,WASP-Family Verprolin Homologous Proteins,WAVE Proteins,WAS Protein Family, Member 1,WAS Protein Family, Member 2,WAS Protein Family, Member 3,WASF1 Protein,WASF2 Protein,WASF3 Protein,WASP Protein Family,WAVE1 Protein,WAVE2 Protein,WAVE3 Protein,Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family, Member 1,Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family, Member 2,Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family, Member 3,WASP Family Verprolin Homologous Proteins,Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family,Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family, Member 1,Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family, Member 2,Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family, Member 3
D020741 rho GTP-Binding Proteins A large family of MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that are involved in regulation of actin organization, gene expression and cell cycle progression. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47. rho G-Proteins,rho GTPase,rho GTPases,rho Small GTP-Binding Proteins,P21 (rho)Protein,rho GTP-Binding Protein,rho Protein P21,G-Proteins, rho,GTP-Binding Protein, rho,GTP-Binding Proteins, rho,GTPase, rho,GTPases, rho,P21, rho Protein,rho G Proteins,rho GTP Binding Protein,rho GTP Binding Proteins,rho Small GTP Binding Proteins
D020744 rac GTP-Binding Proteins A sub-family of RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that is involved in regulating the organization of cytoskeletal filaments. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47. rac Proteins,rac G Protein,G Protein, rac,GTP-Binding Proteins, rac,rac GTP Binding Proteins

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