Protein-protein interactions in solutions of monoclonal antibodies probed by the dependence of the high-frequency viscosity on temperature and concentration. 2023

Emily Rott, and Christian Leppin, and Tim Diederichs, and Patrick Garidel, and Diethelm Johannsmann
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Straße 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany. christian.leppin@tu-clausthal.de.

Using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), the complex high-frequency viscosity,  = η' - iη'', of concentrated solutions of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) was studied with respect to its dependence on temperature, T, and concentration, c. Lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA) served as reference materials. Viscoelasticity was found for the mAb solution, while the reference materials behaved like Newtonian liquids. The QCM-D probes the solution's dynamics on the time scale of a few tens of nanoseconds. The processes of relaxation accessed with the QCM-D are not amenable to standard viscometry. The inverse loss tangent at 15 MHz (equal to η''/η' at 15 MHz, quantifying the elastic contribution to the oscillatory stress) was between 0.1 and 0.5 for the concentrated mAb solutions. It decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing pH. Activation energies of viscous flow, Ea,η, were derived from the functions η'(T). Ea,η was found to be higher for the mAb solutions than for water. No such increase was found for the reference materials. This difference evidences protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between the mAb molecules, which do not exist in the same way for lysozyme and BSA. The excipients citrate and arginine did not noticeably affect the mAb's high-frequency viscosity as determined with the QCM-D.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009113 Muramidase A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. Lysozyme,Leftose,N-Acetylmuramide Glycanhydrolase,Glycanhydrolase, N-Acetylmuramide,N Acetylmuramide Glycanhydrolase
D011485 Protein Binding The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments. Plasma Protein Binding Capacity,Binding, Protein
D000911 Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells. Monoclonal Antibodies,Monoclonal Antibody,Antibody, Monoclonal
D013696 Temperature The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms. Temperatures
D014783 Viscosity The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Viscosities

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