Bioorthogonal 4H-pyrazole "click" reagents. 2023

Nile S Abularrage, and Brian J Levandowski, and JoLynn B Giancola, and Brian J Graham, and Ronald T Raines
Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. rtraines@mit.edu.

4H-Pyrazoles are emerging as useful click reagents. Fluorinating the saturated center enables 4H-pyrazoles to react rapidly as Diels-Alder dienes without a catalyst but compromises the stability of these dienes under physiological conditions. To identify more stable 4H-pyrazoles for bioorthogonal chemistry applications, we investigated the Diels-Alder reactivity and biological stability of three 4-oxo-substituted 4H-pyrazoles. We found that these dienes undergo rapid Diels-Alder reactions with endo-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) while being much more stable to biological nucleophiles than their fluorinated counterparts. We attribute the rapid Diels-Alder reactivity of the optimal oxygen-substituted pyrazole to a combination of antiaromaticity, predistortion, and spirocyclization. Their reactivity and stability suggest that 4-oxo-4H-pyrazoles can be useful bioorthogonal reagents.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries

Related Publications

Nile S Abularrage, and Brian J Levandowski, and JoLynn B Giancola, and Brian J Graham, and Ronald T Raines
September 2017, Nature chemical biology,
Nile S Abularrage, and Brian J Levandowski, and JoLynn B Giancola, and Brian J Graham, and Ronald T Raines
January 2019, Methods in enzymology,
Nile S Abularrage, and Brian J Levandowski, and JoLynn B Giancola, and Brian J Graham, and Ronald T Raines
January 2012, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry,
Nile S Abularrage, and Brian J Levandowski, and JoLynn B Giancola, and Brian J Graham, and Ronald T Raines
May 2018, Accounts of chemical research,
Nile S Abularrage, and Brian J Levandowski, and JoLynn B Giancola, and Brian J Graham, and Ronald T Raines
July 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society,
Nile S Abularrage, and Brian J Levandowski, and JoLynn B Giancola, and Brian J Graham, and Ronald T Raines
December 2015, Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany),
Nile S Abularrage, and Brian J Levandowski, and JoLynn B Giancola, and Brian J Graham, and Ronald T Raines
September 2014, Chemistry & biology,
Nile S Abularrage, and Brian J Levandowski, and JoLynn B Giancola, and Brian J Graham, and Ronald T Raines
June 2013, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry,
Nile S Abularrage, and Brian J Levandowski, and JoLynn B Giancola, and Brian J Graham, and Ronald T Raines
December 2023, Topics in current chemistry (Cham),
Nile S Abularrage, and Brian J Levandowski, and JoLynn B Giancola, and Brian J Graham, and Ronald T Raines
October 2022, Nature,
Copied contents to your clipboard!