Bullous eruptions in transient abnormal myelopoiesis with normal phenotype. 2023

Madhusudhan Demahalli Shivamallappa, and Anna Mullins, and Kathryn Browning Carmo
GRACE NICU, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.

Cutaneous lesions are common manifestation of congenital leukaemia especially myeloid type with incidence of 25%-50% in reported cases. It is relatively rare in transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) seen in trisomy 21 (~10%). The rashes seen in leukaemia and TAM are different. We report a case with a rare presentation of confluent bullous eruption in a phenotypically normal neonate with trisomy 21 restricted to haematopoietic blast cells. This rash resolved rapidly after low-dose cytarabine therapy with normalisation of total white cell counts. The risk of Down syndrome-associated myeloid leukaemia in such cases is still high (19%-23%) in first 5 years and rare thereafter.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007938 Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) Leucocythaemia,Leucocythemia,Leucocythaemias,Leucocythemias,Leukemias
D007955 Leukemoid Reaction A peripheral blood picture resembling that of leukemia or indistinguishable from it on the basis of morphologic appearance alone. (Dorland, 27th ed) Leukemoid Reactions,Reaction, Leukemoid,Reactions, Leukemoid
D010641 Phenotype The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment. Phenotypes
D004314 Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra CHROMOSOME 21 or an effective TRISOMY for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include HYPOTONIA, short stature, BRACHYCEPHALY, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, single transverse palmar crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213) Mongolism,Trisomy 21,47,XX,+21,47,XY,+21,Down Syndrome, Partial Trisomy 21,Down's Syndrome,Partial Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome,Trisomy 21, Meiotic Nondisjunction,Trisomy 21, Mitotic Nondisjunction,Trisomy G,Downs Syndrome,Syndrome, Down,Syndrome, Down's
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D050982 GATA1 Transcription Factor A GATA transcription factor that is specifically expressed in hematopoietic lineages and plays an important role in the CELL DIFFERENTIATION of ERYTHROID CELLS and MEGAKARYOCYTES. Eryf1 Erythroid-Specific Transcription Factor,Erythroid Transcription Factor 1,Globin Transcription Factor 1,NF-E1 Erythroid-Specific Transcription Factor,Nuclear Factor-Erythroid 1,Transcription Factor GATA1,Transcription Factor NFE-1,Eryf1 Erythroid Specific Transcription Factor,Factor GATA1, Transcription,GATA1, Transcription Factor,NF E1 Erythroid Specific Transcription Factor,NFE-1, Transcription Factor,Nuclear Factor Erythroid 1,Transcription Factor, GATA1

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