Influence of dietary ingredients on calcium utilization in the laying hen. 1986

M Farmer, and D A Roland

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the benefit of calcium supplementation with or without other dietary ingredients on egg shell quality. A total of 250 Hyline hens, 44 weeks of age, were randomly divided among five treatments (Experiment 1). The dietary treatments were as follows: Treatment 1, controls (C) were fed a 3.5% calcium diet ad libitum; Treatment 2, hens were fed a .08% calcium diet (LC); Treatment 3, hens were intubated with limestone following 24-hr consumption of .08% calcium diet (LCI); Treatment 4, feed removed for 24 hr (NF); Treatment 5, feed removed for 24 hr and hens then intubated with limestone (NFI). All diets were restored to the control calcium level after 48 hr. Experiment 2 was identical to Experiment 1 except Dekalb XL hens, 50 weeks of age, were used. Eggs were collected daily for 5 days for egg specific gravity, egg weight, and shell weight determinations. Forty hens were sacrificed in Experiment 2 at 48 hr into the experiment to measure calcium distribution in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and feces. Results indicated that hens fed the LCI treatment produced eggs with significantly higher specific gravity and heavier shells than hens given limestone with an empty GI tract. The calcium analysis of the GI tract revealed that much of the calcium supplement did not move beyond the gizzard in hens fed the NFI treatment. It was concluded that hens not only needed other nutrients for maximum utilization of dietary and skeletal calcium, but other nutrients or dry matter may also be needed to facilitate the passage of calcium from the gizzard.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010058 Oviposition The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body. Larviposition,Larvipositions,Ovipositions
D002118 Calcium A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D004032 Diet Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal. Diets
D004528 Egg Shell A hard or leathery calciferous exterior covering of an egg. Eggshell,Egg Shells,Eggshells,Shell, Egg,Shells, Egg
D005260 Female Females
D005527 Food, Fortified Any food that has been supplemented with essential NUTRIENTS either in quantities that are greater than those normally present, or which are not found in the food typically. Fortified food also includes food enriched by adding various nutrients to compensate for those removed by refinement or processing. (Modified from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992). Enriched Food,Food, Supplemented,Enriched Foods,Food, Enriched,Foods, Enriched,Foods, Fortified,Foods, Supplemented,Fortified Food,Fortified Foods,Supplemented Food,Supplemented Foods
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000821 Animal Feed Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock. Fodder,Animal Feeds,Feed, Animal,Feeds, Animal,Fodders

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