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Geographical distribution of the prevalence of nodules of Onchocerca volvulus in Guatemala over the last four decades. 1986

Y Yamagata, and T Suzuki, and G A Garcia Manzo

In Guatemala a national nodulectomy campaign has been carried out since 1935 in three operational areas, namely the Eastern, Central and Western endemic zones. The prevalence of nodules was calculated in each 1 km grid square in these zones in each decade and plotted on mesh maps. A total of nine foci of high endemicity, three in each operational area, was found in the decade 1940-49. Nodule prevalence was concentric in each endemic focus; high in the centre and gradually falling towards periphery. The foci were found mainly on Tertiary or Quaternary-Tertiary volcanic rocks in the Eastern and Central zones, or on non-carbonate sedimentary rocks in the Western zone. Nodule carriers were found at altitudes from 220 to 2200 m above sea level. The altitude of the foci of high endemicity varied, being low in the Eastern zone, medium in the Central zone and high in the Western zone. The nodule prevalence declined from the decade 1940-49 to the decade 1970-79 in most of the grid squares. The Santa Rosa focus in the Eastern zone virtually disappeared before 1970. The extent of endemic area having a nodule prevalence of 1% or higher decreased from 2384 km2 in the decade 1940-49 to 1424 km2 in the decade 1970-79. The area recommended for vector control operation against Simulium ochraceum was estimated at 803 km2.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007303 Insect Vectors Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host. Insect Vector,Vector, Insect,Vectors, Insect
D007306 Insecticides Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. Insecticide
D009855 Onchocerciasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions. Onchocerciases
D004812 Epidemiologic Methods Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations. Epidemiologic Method,Epidemiological Methods,Methods, Epidemiologic,Epidemiological Method,Method, Epidemiologic,Method, Epidemiological,Methods, Epidemiological
D005844 Geology The science of the earth and other celestial bodies and their history as recorded in the rocks. It includes the study of geologic processes of an area such as rock formations, weathering and erosion, and sedimentation. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
D006166 Guatemala A country in CENTRAL AMERICA bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between EL SALVADOR and MEXICO, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between HONDURAS and BELIZE.
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000531 Altitude A vertical distance measured from a known level on the surface of a planet or other celestial body. Altitudes
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012843 Simuliidae A family of insects in the order DIPTERA, which include black flies, buffalo gnats and simulies. Several species are intermediate hosts (vectors) for the parasitic disease ONCHOCERCIASIS. Black Flies,Simulium,Blackflies,Black Fly,Blackfly,Flies, Black,Fly, Black,Simuliums

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