-transparent.png){kind=logo}
The History of Anthrax Weaponization in the Soviet Union. 2023
Ioannis Nikolakakis, and
Spyros N Michaleas, and
George Panayiotakopoulos, and
Theodore G Papaioannou, and
Marianna Karamanou
Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, GRC.
In this paper, we reveal the anthrax weaponization in the Soviet Union and its impact on biowarfare research, technology, and public health that resulted in the development of the first Soviet Anthrax vaccine and the subsequent vaccination of animals and humans en masse. We assume that there are cases that a biowarfare technology was incorporated into the civilian industry and benefited public health. However, the legacy of bioweapons today still poses an asymmetric threat to public health and safety.
| UI | MeSH Term | Description | Entries |
|---|
Related Publications
Ioannis Nikolakakis, and
Spyros N Michaleas, and
George Panayiotakopoulos, and
Theodore G Papaioannou, and
Marianna Karamanou
April 1988,
Nature,
Ioannis Nikolakakis, and
Spyros N Michaleas, and
George Panayiotakopoulos, and
Theodore G Papaioannou, and
Marianna Karamanou
January 1977,
Khirurgiia,
Ioannis Nikolakakis, and
Spyros N Michaleas, and
George Panayiotakopoulos, and
Theodore G Papaioannou, and
Marianna Karamanou
October 1977,
Psychiatrie, Neurologie, und medizinische Psychologie,
Ioannis Nikolakakis, and
Spyros N Michaleas, and
George Panayiotakopoulos, and
Theodore G Papaioannou, and
Marianna Karamanou
January 1977,
Biofizika,
Ioannis Nikolakakis, and
Spyros N Michaleas, and
George Panayiotakopoulos, and
Theodore G Papaioannou, and
Marianna Karamanou
May 1949,
Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960),
Ioannis Nikolakakis, and
Spyros N Michaleas, and
George Panayiotakopoulos, and
Theodore G Papaioannou, and
Marianna Karamanou
February 1972,
Zdravookhranenie Rossiiskoi Federatsii,
Ioannis Nikolakakis, and
Spyros N Michaleas, and
George Panayiotakopoulos, and
Theodore G Papaioannou, and
Marianna Karamanou
January 1976,
Zentralblatt fur allgemeine Pathologie u. pathologische Anatomie,
Ioannis Nikolakakis, and
Spyros N Michaleas, and
George Panayiotakopoulos, and
Theodore G Papaioannou, and
Marianna Karamanou
April 2008,
The International journal of psycho-analysis,
Ioannis Nikolakakis, and
Spyros N Michaleas, and
George Panayiotakopoulos, and
Theodore G Papaioannou, and
Marianna Karamanou
July 1964,
Albrecht von Graefe's Archiv fur Ophthalmologie,
Ioannis Nikolakakis, and
Spyros N Michaleas, and
George Panayiotakopoulos, and
Theodore G Papaioannou, and
Marianna Karamanou
January 1951,
Sovetskoe zdravookhranenie,
