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As with many new treatments in medicine, time will determine the place of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in management of urinary calculi. It may be that a combination of methods will prove most effective. However, at the present time, ESWL provides a noninvasive means of fragmenting calculi so that stones that were previously manageable only by invasive techniques potentially can be passed from the urinary tract. ESWL is a 30- to 45-minute treatment that yields a 50% to 75% stone-free rate at three months after the procedure. Of course, interpretation of success rates can vary on the basis of patient selection and the size, position, and composition of the stone. At this point, ureteroscopy and cystoscopic stone basketing remain the treatments of choice for low ureteral stones. Nonetheless, ESWL is an exciting new weapon in our battle against stone disease.
E V Kramolowsky, and
S A Loening
January 1993,
Annales chirurgiae et gynaecologiae. Supplementum,
E V Kramolowsky, and
S A Loening
October 2001,
Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica,
E V Kramolowsky, and
S A Loening
August 1985,
The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics,
E V Kramolowsky, and
S A Loening
March 1988,
The Nurse practitioner,
E V Kramolowsky, and
S A Loening
March 2010,
Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica,
E V Kramolowsky, and
S A Loening
June 1993,
British journal of urology,
E V Kramolowsky, and
S A Loening
September 1992,
Journal of the National Medical Association,
E V Kramolowsky, and
S A Loening
February 1989,
The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics,
E V Kramolowsky, and
S A Loening
December 1990,
The Surgical clinics of North America,
E V Kramolowsky, and
S A Loening
October 1984,
AORN journal,
