Basic elementary function is an important module in mathematics learning, and its abstract nature leads to an increase in learning difficulty. Computer information technology has created a new path for visualizing abstract content. Computer-aided teaching is an educational means that has emerged in recent years, but there are many problems that need to be solved urgently in the process of using it. This paper aims to emphasize the importance of computer in mathematics education and compare computer-aided education with other forms of teaching technology. Therefore, based on the constructivist learning theory, this paper puts forward educational strategies to make learning more enjoyable and sustainable through the computer-aided teaching and learning (CATL) system. The proposed method is an important idea to implement and apply each teacher's teaching and learning experience, thus making learning enjoyable and interactive. The CATL system is a gateway to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of the education system. Computer education is part of the curricula of schools because it is vital to every learner today. The research results from 320 students and 8 teachers in a university show that, the CATL system improves the student's performance and interaction between teacher and student. The CATL attains 94.43% of the performance rate, which is not attainable by other approaches.