The General data protection regulation (Gdpr) of 2016, implemented since 2018, has become a crucial issue in the field of epidemiology. The Gdpr concerns the protection of personal data, which includes all information that identifies or can identify a natural person, providing information about their habits, health status, and lifestyle, and regulates their processing. Epidemiological studies rely on the use of personal data and their interconnection. The introduction of this regulation is marking an important transition for the work of epidemiologists. There is a need to understand how this can coexist with the research activities that have always been carried out in epidemiology and public health. This section aims to lay the foundations for a discussion on the topic and provide a framework for researchers and epidemiologists that answers some of the doubts that accompany daily work.