Biomaterial Database

Oxidative Stress, Reductive Stress and Antioxidants in Vascular Pathogenesis and Aging. 2023

Mitko Mladenov, and Lubomir Lubomirov, and Olaf Grisk, and Dimiter Avtanski, and Vadim Mitrokhin, and Iliyana Sazdova, and Milena Keremidarska-Markova, and Yana Danailova, and Georgi Nikolaev, and Rossitza Konakchieva, and Hristo Gagov

Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia.

This review is focused on the mechanisms that regulate health, disease and aging redox status, the signal pathways that counteract oxidative and reductive stress, the role of food components and additives with antioxidant properties (curcumin, polyphenols, vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc.), and the role of the hormones irisin and melatonin in the redox homeostasis of animal and human cells. The correlations between the deviation from optimal redox conditions and inflammation, allergic, aging and autoimmune responses are discussed. Special attention is given to the vascular system, kidney, liver and brain oxidative stress processes. The role of hydrogen peroxide as an intracellular and paracrine signal molecule is also reviewed. The cyanotoxins β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), cylindrospermopsin, microcystins and nodularins are introduced as potentially dangerous food and environment pro-oxidants.