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Conserved and divergent arms of the antiviral response in the duplicated genomes of salmonid fishes. 2023

Thomas C Clark, and Shahmir Naseer, and Manu Kumar Gundappa, and Audrey Laurent, and Aline Perquis, and Bertrand Collet, and Daniel J Macqueen, and Samuel A M Martin, and Pierre Boudinot
Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France; Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.

Antiviral innate immunity is orchestrated by the interferon system, which appeared in ancestors of jawed vertebrates. Interferon upregulation induces hundreds of interferon-stimulated-genes (ISGs) with effector or regulatory functions. Here we investigated the evolutionary diversification of ISG responses through comparison of two salmonid fishes, accounting for the impact of sequential whole genome duplications ancestral to teleosts and salmonids. We analysed the transcriptomic response of the IFN pathway in the head kidney of rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, which separated 25-30 Mya. We identified a large set of ISGs conserved in both species and cross-referenced them with zebrafish and human ISGs. In contrast, around one-third of salmonid ISG lacked orthologs in human, mouse, chicken or frog, and often between rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, revealing a fast-evolving, lineage-specific arm of the antiviral response. This study also provides a key resource for in-depth functional analysis of ISGs in salmonids of commercial significance.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007372 Interferons Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. Interferon
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000998 Antiviral Agents Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly. Antiviral,Antiviral Agent,Antiviral Drug,Antivirals,Antiviral Drugs,Agent, Antiviral,Agents, Antiviral,Drug, Antiviral,Drugs, Antiviral
D015027 Zebrafish An exotic species of the family CYPRINIDAE, originally from Asia, that has been introduced in North America. Zebrafish is a model organism for drug assay and cancer research. Brachydanio rerio,Danio rerio,B. rerio,D. rerio,Zebra Fish,Zebra Fishes,Zebra danio,Zebrafishes,D. rerios,Fishes, Zebra,Zebra danios,danio, Zebra
D016678 Genome The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA. Genomes
D017686 Oncorhynchus mykiss A large stout-bodied, sometimes anadromous, TROUT found in still and flowing waters of the Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska. It has a greenish back, a whitish belly, and pink, red, or lavender stripes on the sides, with usually a sprinkling of black dots. It is highly regarded as a sport and food fish. Its former name was Salmo gairdneri. The sea-run rainbow trouts are often called steelheads. Redband trouts refer to interior populations of rainbows. Salmo gairdneri,Steelhead,Trout, Rainbow,Trout, Redband,Rainbow Trout,Redband Trout,Steelheads
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus

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