The role of scopolamine was studied in a complex spatial orientation task. The procedure involved an increasing difficulty of the task: at the pretraining stage a cue (box) was placed at the reinforcement spot and the animal could give a correct response by adopting either a cue-strategy or an orientation response (i.e., go to the arm on the right of a visual landmark). In the subsequent spatial training, the box was removed, so that the orientation response was the only correct one. Results show that scopolamine-injected animals are able to use a cue-strategy but are unable to acquire a spatial orientation strategy: this more complex task asks for more time and for more sustained attention. When the response is already partly acquired, scopolamine has less effect. The cholinergic system would thus be involved in the quality or even the complexity of the response rather than in the retention itself. Though a state-dependent effect may not be excluded, it by itself cannot explain the observed differences. Finally, an impairment of the maintenance of attention could be responsible for the deficits observed in the acquisition of the complex task.