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The inhalation of atropine sulfate was investigated in a randomized, 4-period, rising-dose study. Atropine sulfate 2, 4, and 6 mg by inhalation, and atropine free base 1.67 mg (equivalent to 2.0 mg atropine sulfate) by intramuscular (IM) injection were given to 8 healthy, nonsmoking subjects. Serum atropine sulfate concentrations were monitored during an 8-h period by radioimmunoassay. Mean serum concentrations and area under the serum concentration-versus-time curves (AUC) increased as the inhaled dose increased. Peak concentrations (mean +/- SD) were 11.5 +/- 3.4, 16.4 +/- 6.2, and 18.0 +/- 3.1 ng/ml for the 2, 4, and 6 mg doses, and 11.7 +/- 2.5 ng/ml for the IM dose. The time to peak concentration for each dose was similar (mean, 0.8 to 1.9 h). The AUC ratio of the 2-mg inhaled and IM doses was 1.11 +/- 0.41. The observed bronchodilating, anticholinergic, and other pharmacologic effects were seen after all dose concentrations and were typical of atropine. This study showed that inhalation is an efficient way to administer atropine sulfate for systemic use.
L I Harrison, and
R C Smallridge, and
K C Lasseter, and
M B Goldlust, and
E C Shamblen, and
V W Gam, and
S F Chang, and
D C Kvam
January 1964,
Acta ophthalmologica,
L I Harrison, and
R C Smallridge, and
K C Lasseter, and
M B Goldlust, and
E C Shamblen, and
V W Gam, and
S F Chang, and
D C Kvam
January 1966,
The New England journal of medicine,
L I Harrison, and
R C Smallridge, and
K C Lasseter, and
M B Goldlust, and
E C Shamblen, and
V W Gam, and
S F Chang, and
D C Kvam
July 1962,
Toxicology and applied pharmacology,
L I Harrison, and
R C Smallridge, and
K C Lasseter, and
M B Goldlust, and
E C Shamblen, and
V W Gam, and
S F Chang, and
D C Kvam
June 1971,
European journal of pharmacology,
L I Harrison, and
R C Smallridge, and
K C Lasseter, and
M B Goldlust, and
E C Shamblen, and
V W Gam, and
S F Chang, and
D C Kvam
December 1948,
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism,
L I Harrison, and
R C Smallridge, and
K C Lasseter, and
M B Goldlust, and
E C Shamblen, and
V W Gam, and
S F Chang, and
D C Kvam
January 1987,
European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics,
L I Harrison, and
R C Smallridge, and
K C Lasseter, and
M B Goldlust, and
E C Shamblen, and
V W Gam, and
S F Chang, and
D C Kvam
February 1987,
Pharmacology & toxicology,
L I Harrison, and
R C Smallridge, and
K C Lasseter, and
M B Goldlust, and
E C Shamblen, and
V W Gam, and
S F Chang, and
D C Kvam
March 1957,
British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy,
L I Harrison, and
R C Smallridge, and
K C Lasseter, and
M B Goldlust, and
E C Shamblen, and
V W Gam, and
S F Chang, and
D C Kvam
November 1961,
Arzneimittel-Forschung,
L I Harrison, and
R C Smallridge, and
K C Lasseter, and
M B Goldlust, and
E C Shamblen, and
V W Gam, and
S F Chang, and
D C Kvam
July 1980,
Research in veterinary science,
