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The epidemiology, clinical patterns, and risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis were prospectively studied in an endemic area of Brazil. The prevalence of disease was 3.1% for children less than 15 years of age, and the annual incidence was 4.3 cases per 1,000 children. The number of children with disease fluctuated yearly and seasonally, and distribution of the disease varied within the endemic area. Risk factors included young age (median, three years) and malnutrition before the onset of disease. Intestinal parasitism, recent migration into the area, and house location within the area did not influence the progression of infection to disease. Serological testing indicated that 7.5% of children were infected with Leishmania each year and that the ratio of disease to infection was 1:18.5 for the whole area and 1:6.5 for the section with the highest prevalence of disease. Early diagnosis and therapy altered clinical patterns of the disease.
R Badaró, and
T C Jones, and
R Lorenço, and
B J Cerf, and
D Sampaio, and
E M Carvalho, and
H Rocha, and
R Teixeira, and
W D Johnson
January 2019,
Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria,
R Badaró, and
T C Jones, and
R Lorenço, and
B J Cerf, and
D Sampaio, and
E M Carvalho, and
H Rocha, and
R Teixeira, and
W D Johnson
January 2015,
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical,
R Badaró, and
T C Jones, and
R Lorenço, and
B J Cerf, and
D Sampaio, and
E M Carvalho, and
H Rocha, and
R Teixeira, and
W D Johnson
July 2018,
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
R Badaró, and
T C Jones, and
R Lorenço, and
B J Cerf, and
D Sampaio, and
E M Carvalho, and
H Rocha, and
R Teixeira, and
W D Johnson
May 2008,
Veterinary parasitology,
R Badaró, and
T C Jones, and
R Lorenço, and
B J Cerf, and
D Sampaio, and
E M Carvalho, and
H Rocha, and
R Teixeira, and
W D Johnson
April 2003,
Revista de saude publica,
R Badaró, and
T C Jones, and
R Lorenço, and
B J Cerf, and
D Sampaio, and
E M Carvalho, and
H Rocha, and
R Teixeira, and
W D Johnson
January 2009,
Journal of parasitology research,
R Badaró, and
T C Jones, and
R Lorenço, and
B J Cerf, and
D Sampaio, and
E M Carvalho, and
H Rocha, and
R Teixeira, and
W D Johnson
December 2017,
Transboundary and emerging diseases,
R Badaró, and
T C Jones, and
R Lorenço, and
B J Cerf, and
D Sampaio, and
E M Carvalho, and
H Rocha, and
R Teixeira, and
W D Johnson
January 2007,
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical,
R Badaró, and
T C Jones, and
R Lorenço, and
B J Cerf, and
D Sampaio, and
E M Carvalho, and
H Rocha, and
R Teixeira, and
W D Johnson
January 2023,
Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria,
R Badaró, and
T C Jones, and
R Lorenço, and
B J Cerf, and
D Sampaio, and
E M Carvalho, and
H Rocha, and
R Teixeira, and
W D Johnson
January 1986,
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,
