Pituitary Adenoma With Apoplexy Presenting As Unilateral Third Nerve Palsy. 2023

Fatima Waqar, and Ansharah Arif, and Asmaa Muazzam, and Areej Khan
Internal Medicine, Abington Memorial Hospital, Abington, USA.

Pituitary adenomas are one of the most common intracranial tumors. Non-functioning macroadenomas are usually diagnosed when they cause symptoms due to the mass effect on surrounding structures. We present the case of a 48-year-old man who presented with a headache associated with ptosis of the right eye and right-sided blurry vision for three days. Initial computerized tomography (CT) scan of the head did not report a mass, acute infarct, or hemorrhage. He was given 325mg of aspirin for concern of a stroke while waiting for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, which was done the next day and revealed a pituitary macroadenoma with hemorrhage, mass effect, and compression of the optic chiasm consistent with pituitary apoplexy. He ultimately underwent trans-sphenoidal resection of the tumor; however, his surgery was delayed for five days as he had received a high dose of aspirin in the Emergency Room. His adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and testosterone levels were found to be quite low. He was administered stress dose steroids peri-operatively and ultimately discharged on indefinite hydrocortisone therapy and endocrinology follow-up. Our case highlights a serious complication of pituitary adenomas that can occur called pituitary apoplexy which is caused by acute ischemic infarction or hemorrhage in the pituitary. It needs prompt identification and management. Our case also emphasizes the importance of recognizing pituitary apoplexy as one of the causes of sudden onset cranial nerve deficits, as it is a rare presentation of pituitary adenomas that can be taken for a stroke in the Emergency Department.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries

Related Publications

Fatima Waqar, and Ansharah Arif, and Asmaa Muazzam, and Areej Khan
January 2022, Neurology India,
Fatima Waqar, and Ansharah Arif, and Asmaa Muazzam, and Areej Khan
July 2008, Archives of Iranian medicine,
Fatima Waqar, and Ansharah Arif, and Asmaa Muazzam, and Areej Khan
January 2004, Anesthesia and analgesia,
Fatima Waqar, and Ansharah Arif, and Asmaa Muazzam, and Areej Khan
July 1989, Headache,
Fatima Waqar, and Ansharah Arif, and Asmaa Muazzam, and Areej Khan
August 2022, Journal of surgical case reports,
Fatima Waqar, and Ansharah Arif, and Asmaa Muazzam, and Areej Khan
January 2012, Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre,
Fatima Waqar, and Ansharah Arif, and Asmaa Muazzam, and Areej Khan
February 2009, Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society,
Fatima Waqar, and Ansharah Arif, and Asmaa Muazzam, and Areej Khan
February 2024, Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India,
Fatima Waqar, and Ansharah Arif, and Asmaa Muazzam, and Areej Khan
June 2020, BMJ case reports,
Fatima Waqar, and Ansharah Arif, and Asmaa Muazzam, and Areej Khan
October 2015, BMJ case reports,
Copied contents to your clipboard!