Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis With Fungemia and Possible Strongyloides Co-infection. 2023

Julie Jerabek, and Ahmed Abdulrahim, and Stephen Cavalieri, and Kelsey Witherspoon, and Rima El-Herte
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine and CHI Health, Omaha, Nebraska, juliejerabek@creighton.edu.

BACKGROUND Coccidioidomycosis is most often an asymptomatic or mild self-limited respiratory infection, but in rare cases it can become disseminated and cause severe disease. METHODS A 29-year-old man who was originally from Thailand and had been living in Arizona for 2 years presented with intermittent fevers, fatigue, and other nonspecific symptoms, including abdominal pain, nonbloody diarrhea, and pruritic rash. Initial laboratory values showed significant peripheral eosinophilia. Extensive evaluation revealed possible Strongyloides species infection. Shortly after, Coccidioidies species fungemia was found. Fevers and symptoms resolved after adequate treatment. CONCLUSIONS Disseminated coccidioidomycosis with fungemia is very rare in immunocompetent individuals. Co-infection with Stronglyloides species is only reported in two other case reports. CONCLUSIONS We report this case to raise awareness of a rare infection. In adequate epidemiological circumstances, co-infections Coccidioides and Strongyloides species should be considered in presence of fever and eosinophilia.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D003047 Coccidioidomycosis Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley fever but should not be confused with RIFT VALLEY FEVER. Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, a form of FUNGAL SPORES. A primary form is an acute, benign, self-limited respiratory infection. A secondary form is a virulent, severe, chronic, progressive granulomatous disease with systemic involvement. It can be detected by use of COCCIDIOIDIN. Coccidioides Infection,Coccidioides posadasii Infection,Coccidioidomycosis Infection,Coccidioides immitis Infection,San Joaquin Valley Fever,Valley Fever,Coccidioides Infections,Coccidioides immitis Infections,Coccidioides posadasii Infections,Coccidioidomycoses,Coccidioidomycosis Infections,Infection, Coccidioides,Infection, Coccidioides immitis,Infection, Coccidioides posadasii,Infection, Coccidioidomycosis,Valley Fevers
D005334 Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. Pyrexia,Fevers,Pyrexias
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013321 Strongyloides A genus of parasitic nematodes widely distributed as intestinal parasites of mammals. Strongyloide
D016469 Fungemia The presence of fungi circulating in the blood. Opportunistic fungal sepsis is seen most often in immunosuppressed patients with severe neutropenia or in postoperative patients with intravenous catheters and usually follows prolonged antibiotic therapy.
D060085 Coinfection Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses. Mixed Infection,Co-infection,Polymicrobial Infection,Secondary Infection,Secondary Infections,Co infection,Co-infections,Coinfections,Infection, Mixed,Infection, Polymicrobial,Infection, Secondary,Infections, Mixed,Infections, Polymicrobial,Infections, Secondary,Mixed Infections,Polymicrobial Infections

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