OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ophthalmological findings in patients diagnosed with acute, subacute or chronic brucellosis and to determine the effects of this disease on ocular structures. METHODS Eighty-seven patients diagnosed with brucellosis and 71 healthy cases (as a control group) were enrolled in this prospective study. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmic evaluation, including slit lamp biomicroscopic examination, Goldman applanation tonometry, specular microscopy, optical coherence tomography and fundoscopy with pupil dilation. RESULTS Overall, ocular involvement was present in 47 eyes of 27 (31.03%) patients diagnosed with brucellosis and was most common in the chronic brucellosis group. In the acute brucellosis group, papillary conjunctivitis in 8 eyes of 4 patients and anterior uveitis in 10 eyes of 6 patients were noted. In the subacute brucellosis group, papillary conjunctivitis in 4 eyes of 2 patients and sequelae of anterior uveitis in 6 eyes of 3 patients were observed. In the chronic brucellosis group, panuveitis in 4 eyes of 2 patients, choroiditis in 4 eyes of 2 patients, and signs of previous anterior uveitis in 11 eyes of 6 patients were noted. Visual acuity was significantly worse in patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU) or previous anterior uveitis (PAU) compared with the control cases. CONCLUSIONS Ocular involvement should be kept in mind in patients with brucellosis, especially acute, and brucellosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with anterior uveitis living in endemic areas, since the clinical presentation of the disease may not be overt.