The diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is based on three requirements: a history of exposure to noise with the potential to cause hearing loss; the absence of known causes of hearing loss other than noise exposure; and the presence of certain features in the audiogram. All current methods for diagnosing NIHL have involved examination of the typical features of the audiograms of noise-exposed individuals and the formulation of quantitative rules for the identification of those features. This article describes an alternative approach based on the use of multilayer perceptrons (MLPs). The approach was applied to databases containing the ages and audiograms of individuals claiming compensation for NIHL sustained during military service (M-NIHL), who were assumed mostly to have M-NIHL, and control databases with no known exposure to intense sounds. The MLPs were trained so as to classify individuals as belonging to the exposed or control group based on their audiograms and ages, thereby automatically identifying the features of the audiogram that provide optimal classification. Two databases (noise exposed and nonexposed) were used for training and validation of the MLPs and two independent databases were used for evaluation and further analyses. The best-performing MLP was one trained to identify whether or not an individual had M-NIHL based on age and the audiogram for both ears. This achieved a sensitivity of 0.986 and a specificity of 0.902, giving an overall accuracy markedly higher than for previous methods.