Steroid hormones have been shown to have highly differential effects on the expression of abundant cell-specific protein genes in a multitude of model tissues. In rat seminal vesicle, for example, DNA clones representing two major secretory protein genes have been used to show that both of the genes are differentially regulated by androgen. In this paper, we have examined the effects of androgen on the transcription of two major secretory protein genes in guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium. Nuclear run-off experiments were used to show that castration of the adult resulted in a 3-fold decrease in total transcription activity. Surprisingly, the decrease in total transcriptional activity was not reflected in a differential decrease in the transcriptional activity of the two major secretory protein genes. When the effects of castration on the transcriptional activity of the major secretory protein genes were compared to the effects on other genes, it was found that the transcriptional activity of each gene examined was decreased by the same magnitude as the major secretory protein genes. Similarly, the transcriptional activity of every gene examined increased by the same magnitude as the major secretory protein genes during hormone repletion of the castrated adult. Thus, in contrast to the differential effects of steroids on the transcription of abundant cell-specific proteins in many other steroid-dependent tissues, the transcription of major secretory proteins in guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium appears to be regulated in parallel with many other genes. The generalized effects of androgen on transcriptional activity could account for the generalized effects of androgen on seminal vesicle epithelial cell structure and function.