Responsiveness of 143 preoptic neurons to changes in hypothalamic temperature and to non-thermal emotional stimuli were investigated while rewarding (foods) and aversive objects (hypertonic saline, a toy snake, an air puffer) were given. About 71% of thermosensitive neurons and 32% of thermally insensitive neurons changed the activity when emotional stimuli were shown to and/or tasted by the monkey. Such responses were modulated by satiety/hunger state and were dependent on the degree of perturbation of emotional state. About half of the neurons tested responded when the monkey opened the mouth and protruded the tongue or moved fingers in trying to obtain foods with strong motivation, but did not when the animal made such movements less readily or reluctantly with the progress of satiation. This response was most frequently found among warm-units. The results raise a possibility that preoptic thermosensitive neurons, besides their postulated thermoregulatory functions, might be involved in the response of coordination with thermal and non-thermal emotional behaviors controlled in the hypothalamus.