With the continuous advancement of wireless communication technology, the use of electromagnetic radiation has led to issues such as electromagnetic interference and pollution. To address the problem of electromagnetic radiation, there is a growing need for high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials. Graphene, a unique carbon nanomaterial with a two-dimensional structure and exceptional electrical and mechanical properties, offers advantages such as flexibility, light weight, good chemical stability, and high electromagnetic shielding efficiency. Consequently, it has emerged as an ideal filler in electromagnetic shielding composites, garnering significant attention. In order to meet the requirements of high efficiency and low weight for electromagnetic shielding materials, researchers have explored the use of graphene-polymer nanocomposite foams with a cellular structure. This mini-review provides an overview of the common methods used to prepare graphene-polymer nanocomposite foams and highlights the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of some representative nanocomposite foams. Additionally, the future prospects for the development of graphene-polymer nanocomposite foams as electromagnetic shielding materials are discussed.