Revisiting nonlinearity of heart rate variability in healthy aging. 2023

Martín Calderón-Juárez, and Gertrudis Hortensia González-Gómez, and Juan C Echeverría, and Claudia Lerma
International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.

Aging is commonly regarded as a physiological process in which the dynamic complexity of physiological time series and organ systems is gradually lost. This notion is derived from the identification of a decline of nonlinear measures with the advance of aging. However, additional research on cardiovascular control studied through heart rate variability (HRV), i.e., the instantaneous changes in heart rate, shows that despite the constriction of its statistical distribution, the nonlinear organization remains present in advanced age. Here, we used surrogate data testing to investigate the presence of nonlinear information in HRV time series from a publicly available database of 1121 healthy human subjects from 18 to 92 years old. We also studied the influence of basic clinical features, such as sex, body mass index (BMI), and mean heart rate (HR), on such nonlinear information. We found that the percentage of nonlinear time series after 30 years of age diminishes significantly (p < 0.01). Furthermore, larger BMI and HR are associated with the presence of more linear information in HRV, while the female sex is associated with the manifestation of nonlinear information. This work provides a common background for the contextualized interpretation of nonlinear testing and shows that the nonlinear content of HRV time series diminishes through aging.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D005260 Female Females
D006321 Heart The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood. Hearts
D006339 Heart Rate The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute. Cardiac Rate,Chronotropism, Cardiac,Heart Rate Control,Heartbeat,Pulse Rate,Cardiac Chronotropy,Cardiac Chronotropism,Cardiac Rates,Chronotropy, Cardiac,Control, Heart Rate,Heart Rates,Heartbeats,Pulse Rates,Rate Control, Heart,Rate, Cardiac,Rate, Heart,Rate, Pulse
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000073656 Healthy Aging The development and maintenance of optimal physical, mental, spiritual, and social well-being and function with advancing age. Ageing Well,Aging Well,Healthy Ageing,Well Aging,Ageing, Healthy,Aging, Healthy,Aging, Well,Well, Ageing,Well, Aging
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly
D000369 Aged, 80 and over Persons 80 years of age and older. Oldest Old

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