Comprehensive genetic diversity and molecular evolutionary analysis of Theileria annulata isolates based on TAMS 1 gene. 2023

Sanjhi Paliwal, and Daya Shanker, and Vikrant Sudan, and Shanker Kumar Singh
College of Biotechnology, U. P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India. Electronic address: paliwal.sanjhi@gmail.com.

Molecular epidemiological studies related to the phylogenetic characterization of Theileria annulata are important in delineating the evolutionary history of the parasite. In the current study, the Theileria annulata (T. annulata) merozoite surface antigen 1 (TAMS 1) gene from 14 bovine isolates of T. annulata originating from semi-arid zone of northern India were amplified and sequenced. TAMS 1 gene sequences (n= 337) reported from 16 countries were subsequently analyzed for haplotype network along with genetic diversity. A total of five haplotypes out of the 14 sequenced isolates and 92 haplotypes out of 337 worldwide sequences are documented in this study. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses based on TAMS 1 gene sequences showed that T. annulata is dissipated across different countries and numerous strains are closely linked, even though they belong to different geographical locations. The nucleotide homology between 14 isolates from northern India varied between 91.3 and 100%, whereas it was between 31.5 and 100% when sequences across the globe were compared. Haplotype 14 was recognized as most widely distributed haplotype, with 46 isolates circulating in 10 countries. Globally, negligible genetic distance (FST˂0.15) and very high gene flow (Nm˃1) was found in the five populations of the world (South Asia, East Asia, West Asia, Europe and Africa), supporting the absence of clearly defined subgroups in the phylogenetic analysis. Significant negative values of neutrality tests; Tajima's D (D) and Fu and Li's F (F) provided evidence for recent population expansion through positive selection of advantageous variations.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010802 Phylogeny The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup. Community Phylogenetics,Molecular Phylogenetics,Phylogenetic Analyses,Phylogenetic Analysis,Phylogenetic Clustering,Phylogenetic Comparative Analysis,Phylogenetic Comparative Methods,Phylogenetic Distance,Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares,Phylogenetic Groups,Phylogenetic Incongruence,Phylogenetic Inference,Phylogenetic Networks,Phylogenetic Reconstruction,Phylogenetic Relatedness,Phylogenetic Relationships,Phylogenetic Signal,Phylogenetic Structure,Phylogenetic Tree,Phylogenetic Trees,Phylogenomics,Analyse, Phylogenetic,Analysis, Phylogenetic,Analysis, Phylogenetic Comparative,Clustering, Phylogenetic,Community Phylogenetic,Comparative Analysis, Phylogenetic,Comparative Method, Phylogenetic,Distance, Phylogenetic,Group, Phylogenetic,Incongruence, Phylogenetic,Inference, Phylogenetic,Method, Phylogenetic Comparative,Molecular Phylogenetic,Network, Phylogenetic,Phylogenetic Analyse,Phylogenetic Clusterings,Phylogenetic Comparative Analyses,Phylogenetic Comparative Method,Phylogenetic Distances,Phylogenetic Group,Phylogenetic Incongruences,Phylogenetic Inferences,Phylogenetic Network,Phylogenetic Reconstructions,Phylogenetic Relatednesses,Phylogenetic Relationship,Phylogenetic Signals,Phylogenetic Structures,Phylogenetic, Community,Phylogenetic, Molecular,Phylogenies,Phylogenomic,Reconstruction, Phylogenetic,Relatedness, Phylogenetic,Relationship, Phylogenetic,Signal, Phylogenetic,Structure, Phylogenetic,Tree, Phylogenetic
D002417 Cattle Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor. Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D002418 Cattle Diseases Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus. Bovine Diseases,Bovine Disease,Cattle Disease,Disease, Bovine,Disease, Cattle,Diseases, Bovine,Diseases, Cattle
D005075 Biological Evolution The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics. Evolution, Biological
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013801 Theileriasis Infection of cattle, sheep, or goats with protozoa of the genus THEILERIA. This infection results in an acute or chronic febrile condition. Corridor Disease,East Coast Fever,Theileriosis,Coast Fever, East,Disease, Corridor,Fever, East Coast,Theileriases,Theilerioses
D014644 Genetic Variation Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population. Genetic Diversity,Variation, Genetic,Diversity, Genetic,Diversities, Genetic,Genetic Diversities,Genetic Variations,Variations, Genetic
D016794 Theileria A genus of tick-borne protozoa parasitic in the lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and endothelial cells of mammals. Its organisms multiply asexually and then invade erythrocytes, where they undergo no further reproduction until ingested by a transmitting tick. Theilerias
D016796 Theileria annulata A protozoan parasite causing tropical theileriasis in cattle. It is transmitted by ticks of the Hyalomma genus. Theileria annulatas,annulatas, Theileria

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