Mixed cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis secondary to marginal zone lymphoma in a patient with end-stage renal failure on haemodialysis. 2024

Craig Peter Coorey, and Amirhossein Aarabi, and Karthik Kumar
Gosford Hospital, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia. c.coorey@westernsydney.edu.au.

Cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis can present with a variety of symptoms and there is limited data on the incidence and presentation of cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis in haemodialysis patients. We report a case of a 63-year-old male who had a series of presentations with rash, visual changes, abdominal pain, weight loss, fevers and digital ischaemia. This is on a background of a congenital single kidney with end-stage renal failure secondary to diabetes and hypertension, receiving haemodialysis for nearly 5 years. He initially experienced a leukocytoclastic vasculitis rash confirmed on skin biopsy, followed by multiple hospital presentations for undifferentiated abdominal pain and fever of unknown source. Jejunal biopsy revealed intestinal vasculitis. His peripheral blood flow cytometry and bone marrow biopsy were consistent with marginal zone lymphoma (indolent subtype, IgM kappa clone). Further testing revealed a type II cryoglobulinaemia consisting of an IgM kappa monoclonal band with polyclonal IgG (cryocrit 5%). A diagnosis of cryoglobulinaemia vasculitis was established and he was treated with pulsed methylprednisolone and rituximab therapy. However, after receiving three doses of rituximab the patient developed a presumed vasculitis-associated pulmonary haemorrhage for which he received treatment with five sessions of plasma exchange. His symptoms resolved and cryocrit reduced to < 1% after his final dose of rituximab. The clinical features of cryoglobulinaemia may be difficult to detect in chronic haemodialysis patients and vigilance is required.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007676 Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. ESRD,End-Stage Renal Disease,Renal Disease, End-Stage,Renal Failure, Chronic,Renal Failure, End-Stage,Chronic Kidney Failure,End-Stage Kidney Disease,Chronic Renal Failure,Disease, End-Stage Kidney,Disease, End-Stage Renal,End Stage Kidney Disease,End Stage Renal Disease,End-Stage Renal Failure,Kidney Disease, End-Stage,Renal Disease, End Stage,Renal Failure, End Stage
D008297 Male Males
D008775 Methylprednisolone A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action. 6-Methylprednisolone,Medrol,Metipred,Urbason,6 Methylprednisolone
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D003449 Cryoglobulinemia A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas. Cryoglobulinemias
D006435 Renal Dialysis Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION. Dialysis, Extracorporeal,Dialysis, Renal,Extracorporeal Dialysis,Hemodialysis,Dialyses, Extracorporeal,Dialyses, Renal,Extracorporeal Dialyses,Hemodialyses,Renal Dialyses
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000069283 Rituximab A murine-derived monoclonal antibody and ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT that binds specifically to the CD20 ANTIGEN and is used in the treatment of LEUKEMIA; LYMPHOMA and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. CD20 Antibody, Rituximab,GP2013,IDEC-C2B8,IDEC-C2B8 Antibody,Mabthera,Rituxan,IDEC C2B8,IDEC C2B8 Antibody,Rituximab CD20 Antibody
D014657 Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body. Angiitis,Angiitides,Vasculitides
D018442 Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. Many of the sites of these lymphomas, such as the stomach, salivary gland, and thyroid, are normally devoid of lymphoid tissue. They acquire mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type as a result of an immunologically mediated disorder. Lymphoma, Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue,MALT Lymphoma,Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma,Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue,Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma,Lymphoma of Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue,Lymphoma, MALT,Lymphoma, Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue,Lymphomas, MALT,MALT Lymphomas,Marginal Zone B Cell Lymphoma,Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma

Related Publications

Craig Peter Coorey, and Amirhossein Aarabi, and Karthik Kumar
April 2022, BMJ case reports,
Craig Peter Coorey, and Amirhossein Aarabi, and Karthik Kumar
July 2018, European heart journal,
Craig Peter Coorey, and Amirhossein Aarabi, and Karthik Kumar
June 1993, ANNA journal,
Craig Peter Coorey, and Amirhossein Aarabi, and Karthik Kumar
January 2021, European journal of case reports in internal medicine,
Craig Peter Coorey, and Amirhossein Aarabi, and Karthik Kumar
September 1975, British medical journal,
Craig Peter Coorey, and Amirhossein Aarabi, and Karthik Kumar
December 2022, Cureus,
Craig Peter Coorey, and Amirhossein Aarabi, and Karthik Kumar
December 2007, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association,
Craig Peter Coorey, and Amirhossein Aarabi, and Karthik Kumar
April 2016, Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials,
Craig Peter Coorey, and Amirhossein Aarabi, and Karthik Kumar
March 2019, BMJ case reports,
Craig Peter Coorey, and Amirhossein Aarabi, and Karthik Kumar
July 1998, AIDS (London, England),
Copied contents to your clipboard!