Enhanced antibacterial efficacy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria via nitric oxide-releasing ampicillin polymer substrates. 2024

Yi Wu, and Mark R Garren, and Lori M Estes Bright, and Patrick Maffe, and Megan Brooks, and Elizabeth J Brisbois, and Hitesh Handa
School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a pressing threat to global health and is a leading cause of healthcare-related morbidity and mortality. Herein, we report the fabrication of medical-grade polymers incorporated with a dual-action S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-functionalized ampicillin (SNAPicillin) conjugated molecule through a solvent evaporation process. The resulting SNAPicillin-incorporated polymer materials act as broad-spectrum antibacterial surfaces that improve the administration efficacy of conventional antibiotics through the targeted release of both nitric oxide and ampicillin. The polymer surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and static contact angle measurements. The nitric oxide (NO) release profile and diffusion of SNAPicillin from polymers were quantified using a chemiluminescence-based nitric oxide analyzer (NOA) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. As a result, the films had up to 2.96 × 10-7 mol cm-2 of total NO released within 24 hr. In addition, >79 % of the SNAPicillin reservoir was preserved in the polymers after 24 hr of incubation in the physiological environment, indicating their longer-term NO release ability and therapeutic window for antibacterial effects. The SNAPicillin-incorporated polymers reduced the viability of adhered bacteria in culture, with >95 % reduction found against clinically relevant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Furthermore, SNAPicillin-modified surfaces did not elicit a cytotoxic effect toward 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells, supporting the material's biocompatibility in vitro. These results indicate that the complementary effects of NO-release and ampicillin in SNAPicillin-eluting polymers can enhance the properties of commonly infected medical device surfaces for antibacterial purposes.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009569 Nitric Oxide A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP. Endogenous Nitrate Vasodilator,Mononitrogen Monoxide,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium-Derived,Nitrogen Monoxide,Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide,Monoxide, Mononitrogen,Monoxide, Nitrogen,Nitrate Vasodilator, Endogenous,Nitric Oxide, Endothelium Derived,Oxide, Nitric,Vasodilator, Endogenous Nitrate
D011108 Polymers Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS). Polymer
D000667 Ampicillin Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic. Penicillin, Aminobenzyl,Amcill,Aminobenzylpenicillin,Ampicillin Sodium,Ampicillin Trihydrate,Antibiotic KS-R1,Omnipen,Pentrexyl,Polycillin,Ukapen,Aminobenzyl Penicillin,Antibiotic KS R1,KS-R1, Antibiotic,Sodium, Ampicillin,Trihydrate, Ampicillin
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000900 Anti-Bacterial Agents Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA. Anti-Bacterial Agent,Anti-Bacterial Compound,Anti-Mycobacterial Agent,Antibacterial Agent,Antibiotics,Antimycobacterial Agent,Bacteriocidal Agent,Bacteriocide,Anti-Bacterial Compounds,Anti-Mycobacterial Agents,Antibacterial Agents,Antibiotic,Antimycobacterial Agents,Bacteriocidal Agents,Bacteriocides,Agent, Anti-Bacterial,Agent, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agent, Antibacterial,Agent, Antimycobacterial,Agent, Bacteriocidal,Agents, Anti-Bacterial,Agents, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agents, Antibacterial,Agents, Antimycobacterial,Agents, Bacteriocidal,Anti Bacterial Agent,Anti Bacterial Agents,Anti Bacterial Compound,Anti Bacterial Compounds,Anti Mycobacterial Agent,Anti Mycobacterial Agents,Compound, Anti-Bacterial,Compounds, Anti-Bacterial
D013211 Staphylococcus aureus Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D026423 S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS. N-Acetyl-S-Nitrosopenicillamine,N2-Acetyl-S-Nitroso-D,L-Penicillinaminamide,S-NONAP,S-Nitrosylacetylpenicillamine,SNAP (NO donor)

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