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Day-old chicks trained on a single trial passive avoidance discrimination task show three well-defined behavioural stages in memory formation: short-term, intermediate and long-term memory. Testosterone (2 mg), given subcutaneously, yielded results which may be tentatively interpreted as an extension of the time of availability of recall from the intermediate stage by between 20 and 50 min, provided the hormone is administered no earlier than 90 min before learning. A higher dose (12.5 mg) of testosterone administered 30 min before learning had a similar effect. The findings with testosterone are comparable to those reported for pituitary-adrenal hormones.
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