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The relationship between changes in occlusal support and masticatory performance using 6-year longitudinal data from the SONIC study. 2023

Kotaro Higashi, and Kodai Hatta, and Tomoaki Mameno, and Toshihito Takahashi, and Yasuyuki Gondo, and Kei Kamide, and Yukie Masui, and Tatsuro Ishizaki, and Yasumichi Arai, and Mai Kabayama, and Yuichi Nishimura, and Yuki Murotani, and Hiromasa Hagino, and Yoshitaka Tsujioka, and Suzuna Akema, and Erisa Maeda, and Eri Seto, and Yoshie Okada, and Yusuke Mihara, and Masahiro Wada, and Yoshinobu Maeda, and Kazunori Ikebe
Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Gerodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: u754667e@ecs.osaka-u.ac.jp.

Reduced occlusal support is thought to be related to a decline in masticatory performance. However, previous research in this field was based on cross-sectional studies. In this study, we conducted a 6-year longitudinal observation of older adults living in the community and examined the associations of changes in occlusal support with masticatory performance. Of the 864 participants aged 72-74 years in the SONIC study, 488 who were followed up (median follow-up period 5.92 years) and had no missing data were included in this study. Participants were divided into three groups according to the number of occlusal support zones in the posterior area: Complete occlusion (four zones), Reduced occlusion (one to three zones), and Collapsed occlusion (no occlusal support zone). Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between occlusal support and masticatory performance was undertaken with linear mixed-effects models. Sex, occlusal force, number of unreplaced missing teeth, aging, and occlusal support change were significantly related to masticatory performance. Furthermore, the interaction term between change in occlusal support and aging was a significant explanatory variable for the decline in masticatory performance. The interaction was strongest in the group that changed from Complete or Reduced occlusion to Collapsed occlusion. This result indicates that the loss of occlusal support is a major factor contributing to declining masticatory performance. The decline of occlusal support was greatly associated with the deterioration of masticatory performance. Our results suggest that older adults need to prevent the collapse of posterior occlusal support to maintain their masticatory performance. Occlusal support is important for preserving masticatory performance in older adults. Preventing the loss of molars and retaining occlusal support may contribute to maintaining food intake diversity and nutritional status, thereby improving quality of life. Dental professionals need to carefully examine dental status to assess the risk of occlusal collapse.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008409 Mastication The act and process of chewing and grinding food in the mouth. Chewing
D011788 Quality of Life A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral, social environment as well as health and disease. HRQOL,Health-Related Quality Of Life,Life Quality,Health Related Quality Of Life
D001732 Bite Force The force applied by the masticatory muscles in dental occlusion. Masticatory Force,Occlusal Force,Bite Forces,Force, Bite,Force, Masticatory,Force, Occlusal,Forces, Bite,Forces, Masticatory,Forces, Occlusal,Masticatory Forces,Occlusal Forces
D003430 Cross-Sectional Studies Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time. Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional
D003766 Dental Occlusion The relationship of all the components of the masticatory system in normal function. It has special reference to the position and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth for the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p556, p472) Canine Guidance,Occlusal Guidance,Occlusal Plane,Occlusion, Dental,Dental Occlusions,Guidance, Canine,Guidance, Occlusal,Occlusal Guidances,Occlusal Planes,Occlusions, Dental,Plane, Occlusal,Planes, Occlusal
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly

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