Biomaterial Database

Swallow-evoked peristalsis in opossum esophagus: role of cholinergic mechanisms. 1986

J S Gidda, and J P Buyniski

This study examined the role of cholinergic mechanisms in esophageal smooth muscle of anesthetized opossums. Swallow-induced motility was recorded manometrically before and after treatment with physostigmine or metoclopramide. At the 5-cm site above lower esophageal sphincter (LES) the latency, duration, and amplitude of swallow-evoked contractions were 2.1 +/- 0.12 (SE) s, 1.8 +/- 0.31 s, and 74.5 +/- 6.1 mmHg, respectively. At the 1-cm site the respective values were 4.6 +/- 0.38 s, 3.8 +/- 0.24 s, and 42.0 +/- 4.6 mmHg. The calculated speed of peristalsis was 1.72 +/- 0.21 cm/s. After intravenous treatment with the physostigmine (100 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1), each swallow produced contractions that were simultaneous, repetitive, and of long duration. The values of duration and amplitude of contraction at the 5- and 1-cm site after physostigmine treatment were significantly higher than controls (P less than 0.01). There was a significant decrease in the latency of contraction at all sites. This resulted in a significant faster speed of peristalsis. Atropine (30 micrograms/kg iv) reversed the influence of physostigmine, resulting in a significantly slower speed of peristalsis. Metoclopramide (10 mg/kg iv) resulted in several changes in swallow-evoked contractions similar to those observed after physostigmine treatment. These data suggest that alteration in cholinergic mechanisms results in disordered esophageal peristalsis in the opossum.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008787	Metoclopramide	A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.	4-Amino-5-chloro-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide,Cerucal,Maxolon,Metaclopramide,Metoclopramide Dihydrochloride,Metoclopramide Hydrochloride,Metoclopramide Monohydrochloride,Metoclopramide Monohydrochloride, Monohydrate,Primperan,Reglan,Rimetin,Dihydrochloride, Metoclopramide,Hydrochloride, Metoclopramide,Monohydrochloride, Metoclopramide
D009119	Muscle Contraction	A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	Inotropism,Muscular Contraction,Contraction, Muscle,Contraction, Muscular,Contractions, Muscle,Contractions, Muscular,Inotropisms,Muscle Contractions,Muscular Contractions
D009130	Muscle, Smooth	Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	Muscle, Involuntary,Smooth Muscle,Involuntary Muscle,Involuntary Muscles,Muscles, Involuntary,Muscles, Smooth,Smooth Muscles
D009893	Opossums	New World marsupials of the family Didelphidae. Opossums are omnivorous, largely nocturnal and arboreal MAMMALS, grow to about three feet in length, including the scaly prehensile tail, and have an abdominal pouch in which the young are carried at birth.	Didelphidae,Opossum
D010528	Peristalsis	A movement, caused by sequential muscle contraction, that pushes the contents of the intestines or other tubular organs in one direction.	Peristalses
D010830	Physostigmine	A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	Eserine
D003679	Deglutition	The act of taking solids and liquids into the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT through the mouth and throat.	Swallowing,Deglutitions,Swallowings
D004947	Esophagus	The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
D005071	Evoked Potentials	Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.	Event Related Potential,Event-Related Potentials,Evoked Potential,N100 Evoked Potential,P50 Evoked Potential,N1 Wave,N100 Evoked Potentials,N2 Wave,N200 Evoked Potentials,N3 Wave,N300 Evoked Potentials,N4 Wave,N400 Evoked Potentials,P2 Wave,P200 Evoked Potentials,P50 Evoked Potentials,P50 Wave,P600 Evoked Potentials,Potentials, Event-Related,Event Related Potentials,Event-Related Potential,Evoked Potential, N100,Evoked Potential, N200,Evoked Potential, N300,Evoked Potential, N400,Evoked Potential, P200,Evoked Potential, P50,Evoked Potential, P600,Evoked Potentials, N100,Evoked Potentials, N200,Evoked Potentials, N300,Evoked Potentials, N400,Evoked Potentials, P200,Evoked Potentials, P50,Evoked Potentials, P600,N1 Waves,N2 Waves,N200 Evoked Potential,N3 Waves,N300 Evoked Potential,N4 Waves,N400 Evoked Potential,P2 Waves,P200 Evoked Potential,P50 Waves,P600 Evoked Potential,Potential, Event Related,Potential, Event-Related,Potential, Evoked,Potentials, Event Related,Potentials, Evoked,Potentials, N400 Evoked,Related Potential, Event,Related Potentials, Event,Wave, N1,Wave, N2,Wave, N3,Wave, N4,Wave, P2,Wave, P50,Waves, N1,Waves, N2,Waves, N3,Waves, N4,Waves, P2,Waves, P50