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The Toronto Adolescent and Youth Cohort Study: Study Design and Early Data Related to Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms, Functioning, and Suicidality. 2024
Kristin Cleverley, and
George Foussias, and
Stephanie H Ameis, and
Darren B Courtney, and
Benjamin I Goldstein, and
Lisa D Hawke, and
Nicole Kozloff, and
Lena C Quilty, and
Martin Rotenberg, and
Anne L Wheeler, and
Brendan F Andrade, and
Madison Aitken, and
Don Mahleka, and
Melanie Jani, and
Margot Frayne, and
Jimmy K Y Wong, and
Rachel Kelly, and
Erin W Dickie, and
Daniel Felsky, and
John D Haltigan, and
Meng-Chuan Lai, and
Yuliya S Nikolova, and
Wanda Tempelaar, and
Wei Wang, and
Marco Battaglia, and
Muhammad Omair Husain, and
Sean Kidd, and
Paul Kurdyak, and
Robert D Levitan, and
Stephen P Lewis, and
Alexia Polillo, and
Peter Szatmari, and
Anna I R van der Miesen, and
Masoud Ahmadzadasl, and
Aristotle N Voineskos, and
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
BACKGROUND Psychosis spectrum symptoms (PSSs) occur in a sizable percentage of youth and are associated with poorer cognitive performance, poorer functioning, and suicidality (i.e., suicidal thoughts and behaviors). PSSs may occur more frequently in youths already experiencing another mental illness, but the antecedents are not well known. The Toronto Adolescent and Youth (TAY) Cohort Study aims to characterize developmental trajectories in youths with mental illness and understand associations with PSSs, functioning, and suicidality. METHODS The TAY Cohort Study is a longitudinal cohort study that aims to assess 1500 youths (age 11-24 years) presenting to tertiary care. In this article, we describe the extensive diagnostic and clinical characterization of psychopathology, substance use, functioning, suicidality, and health service utilization in these youths, with follow-up every 6 months over 5 years, including early baseline data. RESULTS A total of 417 participants were enrolled between May 4, 2021, and February 2, 2023. Participants met diagnostic criteria for an average of 3.5 psychiatric diagnoses, most frequently anxiety and depressive disorders. Forty-nine percent of participants met a pre-established threshold for PSSs and exhibited higher rates of functional impairment, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and suicidality than participants without PSSs. CONCLUSIONS Initial findings from the TAY Cohort Study demonstrate the feasibility of extensive clinical phenotyping in youths who are seeking help for mental health problems. PSS prevalence is much higher than in community-based studies. Our early data support the critical need to better understand longitudinal trajectories of clinical youth cohorts in relation to psychosis risk, functioning, and suicidality.
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