Biomaterial Database

Uptake, distribution and retention of zineb and ziram in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). 1986

C J Van Leeuwen, and P Van Hameren, and M Bogers, and P S Griffioen

In short-term static bioaccumulation experiments with 14C-labelled zinc ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (zineb) and zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate (ziram) both compounds were rapidly disseminated through the tissues. Whole-body accumulation was low, with bioconcentration factors less than 100. Whole-body elimination was rapid with 45% and 25% of the initial radioactivity from ziram and zineb, respectively, being retained by the end of the 16-day depuration period. Pigmented tissues appeared to be major distribution sites as well. This may be related to the affinity of the compounds and/or their degradation products to melanin or to complexation with phenoloxidase, a copper-containing enzyme involved in melanin synthesis. Autoradiography also revealed a high labelling of thyroid follicles. The results show that dithiocarbamates are selectively localized in various tissues, reported to be the target organs for their toxic action. The observed differences in toxicokinetics between zineb and ziram may, in part, explain the differences in toxicity to fish between ethylenebisdithiocarbamates and dialkyldithiocarbamates.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008433	Mathematics	The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)	Mathematic
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012487	Salmonidae	A family of anadromous fish comprising SALMON; TROUT; whitefish; and graylings. They are the most important food and game fishes. Their habitat is the northern Atlantic and Pacific, both marine and inland, and the Great Lakes. (Nelson: Fishes of the World, 1976, p97)	Graylings,Thymallus,Whitefish,Salmonids,Grayling,Salmonid
D013859	Thiocarbamates	Carbamates in which the -CO- group has been replaced by a -CS- group.	Thiocarbamate
D013997	Time Factors	Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.	Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D014018	Tissue Distribution	Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.	Distribution, Tissue,Distributions, Tissue,Tissue Distributions
D014337	Trout	Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.	Chars,Salvelinus,Char
D015038	Zineb	An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.	Cynkotox,Dithane Z-78,Novozir,Zinc Ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate),Dithane Z 78,Dithane Z78
D015039	Ziram	An industrial fungicide with low mammalian toxicity, although it does possess an irritant capacity for skin and mucous membranes.	Cuman L,Fuklasin,Milbam,Zerlate,Zinc Dimethyldithiocarbamate,Dimethyldithiocarbamate, Zinc