[Cutaneous manifestations of malabsorption diseases (author's transl)]. 1978

M Vergnat, and J Suzanne, and H Entraygues, and R Laurent, and H Gisselbrecht, and P Agache

Malabsorption (M) is characterized by absorption defect of one or several nutriments in small bowel. Its clinical expression is rarely obvious and biological signs are: anaemia, low serum protein, albumin and lipid rates, low serum calcium, phosphorus and potassium level, and hypoprothrombinaemia. But only 4 simple and reliable tests are needed for diagnosis: i. e.: daily faecal fat amount measurement, daily faecal nitrogen excretion, the xylose test and the Schilling's test. This syndrome is related to many conditions which can be divided into 2 groups with and without intestinal abnormalities. The relationships between M and skin diseases belong to 4 types (J. Marks and S. Shuster): 1) M is responsible for the cutaneous signs, 2) M is caused by a skin disease, 3) both M and skin disease are the result of a same cause, 4) M and skin disease are associated in an indirect way. Only the two first types are dealt with in this report. Skin manifestations occur as a complication in 10 p. 100 to 20 p. 100 of cases of M. They are mostly polymorphous or non-specific, as they are related to multiple vitamin or essential amino acid deficiencies and heal with the treatment of M. The main conditions encountered are diffuse pigmentation, acquired ichthyosis, follicular keratosis, nail brittleness and hair loss. Mucous membrane lesions, purpura and eczematoid or psoriasis-like dermatitis have also been described. More uncommon are clubbing of fingers, finger print abnormalities, kwashiorkor or acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruptions. The dermatogenic enteropathy, i. e. a M syndrome due to a skin disease, occurs as a result of widespread involvement of the body for instance in psoriasis or eczema; its clinical expression is rarely obvious, the histological record of gut biopsy usually normal and the results of biological tests often dissociated, but steatorrhoea is frequently found. The pathogenesis of the condition is still unknown but its importance is related to the extent of the skin disease and it only improves with the treatment of the latter. All these features and others are discussed in the report with a comprehensive review of the literature.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007642 Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus. Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum,Keratoma,Keratosis Blennorrhagica,Blennorrhagica, Keratosis,Blennorrhagicas, Keratosis,Blennorrhagicum, Keratoderma,Blennorrhagicums, Keratoderma,Keratoderma Blennorrhagicums,Keratomas,Keratoses,Keratosis Blennorrhagicas
D008286 Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients. Malabsorption Syndrome,Syndrome, Malabsorption,Syndromes, Malabsorption
D009260 Nail Diseases Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates. Disease, Nail,Diseases, Nail,Nail Disease
D010859 Pigmentation Disorders Diseases affecting PIGMENTATION, including SKIN PIGMENTATION. Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians,Ito Syndrome,Schamberg's Disease,Schamberg Disease,Disease, Schamberg,Disease, Schamberg's,Disorder, Pigmentation,Disorders, Pigmentation,Pigmentation Disorder,Schambergs Disease,Syndrome, Ito
D011565 Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. Palmoplantaris Pustulosis,Pustular Psoriasis of Palms and Soles,Pustulosis Palmaris et Plantaris,Pustulosis of Palms and Soles,Psoriases
D011693 Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is >2-3 cm it is generally called Ecchymoses (ECCHYMOSIS). Petechiae,Purpuras
D004485 Eczema A dermatitis characterized by a spongiotic tissue reaction pattern occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents. Dermatitis, Eczematous,Eczematous Dermatitis
D005500 Follow-Up Studies Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease. Followup Studies,Follow Up Studies,Follow-Up Study,Followup Study,Studies, Follow-Up,Studies, Followup,Study, Follow-Up,Study, Followup
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000505 Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. Alopecia, Androgenetic,Baldness,Male Pattern Baldness,Pseudopelade,Alopecia Cicatrisata,Alopecia, Male Pattern,Androgenetic Alopecia,Androgenic Alopecia,Baldness, Male Pattern,Female Pattern Baldness,Hair Loss,Pattern Baldness,Alopecia Cicatrisatas,Alopecia, Androgenic,Alopecias, Androgenic,Androgenic Alopecias,Baldness, Female Pattern,Baldness, Pattern,Hair Losses,Loss, Hair,Losses, Hair,Male Pattern Alopecia

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